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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2008
摘要
Spatial variations in 疾病 patterns of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic remain poorly studied. We explored the association between influenza death rates, transmissibility and several geographical and demographic indicators for the autumn and winter waves of the 1918-1919 pandemic in cities, towns and rural areas of England and Wales. Average measures of transmissibility, estimated by the reproduction number, ranged between 1.3 and 1.9, depending on model assumptions and pandemic wave and showed little spatial variation. Death rates varied markedly with 城市ization, with 30-40% higher rates in cities and towns compared with rural areas. In addition, death rates varied with 族群 size across rural settings, where low 族群 areas fared worse. By contrast, we found no association between transmissibilit
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