聖塔非研究所論文區

聖塔菲研究所的創立（1984）：Gell-Mann、Anderson、Cowan 的願景

從洛斯阿拉莫斯的跨域焦慮，到「複雜適應系統」成為 20 世紀末科學想像的共同語言

複雜科學是什麼：跨學科的緣起與定位

從戰後控制論、資訊論、非線性動力學，到聖塔菲研究所的制度化實驗：複雜科學不是單一理論，而是一組研究「多元元素如何互動、適應並產生整體秩序」的跨學科方法。

Murray Gell-Mann：從夸克到複雜適應系統

聖塔菲研究所系列研究報告：一位粒子物理學家如何把「尋找隱藏秩序」的方法，帶入生命、語言、經濟與文化的複雜世界。

Philip Anderson 與 More is Different (1972)：湧現的宣言

一篇四頁短文如何從凝態物理出發，挑戰「還原論即萬能說」，並為後來的複雜系統科學、聖塔菲研究所與跨尺度科學提供思想底座。

聖塔菲研究所系列：複雜適應系統 CAS 的概念框架

從跨學科起源、Holland 的七項基礎、Gell-Mann 的資訊視角，到代理人模型、經濟演化與方法論爭議

John Holland 與遺傳演算法、Echo 模型

一份面向有基礎讀者的科技史與理論研究報告：Holland 如何把演化、學習、經濟、認知與生態系統放進同一套可運算的框架。

聖塔菲研究所系列 047 - Stuart Kauffman 與 NK 模型、自組織

Brian Arthur 與遞增報酬、複雜性經濟學

湧現 Emergence：定義、案例與哲學爭議

自組織臨界性：Per Bak 與沙堆模型

聖塔菲研究所系列研究報告：從 1/f 雜訊、相變臨界點到複雜系統的「無調參」尺度律想像

聖塔菲研究所系列：冪律、無標度網路與重尾分布

從 Pareto、Zipf 到複雜網路：為什麼少數巨大事件支配總量，以及為什麼「到處都是冪律」後來成為一個需要嚴格檢驗的命題。

Geoffrey West 與生物體、城市、公司的尺度律

人工生命 Artificial Life：Chris Langton 與其邊界

聖塔菲研究所系列 054：基於代理人的模型與 Sugarscape

從「由下而上」的社會科學，到 Epstein 與 Axtell 的人工社會實驗場

聖塔菲研究所系列 055

從 Santa Cruz 的混沌物理、穿戴式輪盤電腦與 Prediction Company，到聖塔菲研究所的市場生態學與 Oxford/INET 的 agent-based 經濟模擬：Farmer 的工作展示了一條少見的路徑，將非線性動力系統、實證市場微結構、演化與政策模擬接在同一個研究綱領上。

Melanie Mitchell：類比、複雜性與對 AI 的反思

系列：聖塔菲研究所｜主題報告 056｜從 Copycat 到大型語言模型，追索「理解」為何仍是人工智慧的難題

聖塔菲研究所系列：複雜性經濟學對新古典經濟學的挑戰

聖塔菲研究所系列：從均衡、代表性個人與遞減報酬，到異質代理人、遞增報酬、適應與湧現秩序

網路科學與聖塔菲研究所的貢獻

系列：聖塔菲研究所。從小世界、無尺度網路、社群結構到資料時代的複雜系統方法論。

聖塔菲研究所系列：資訊、計算與複雜度的量測 - Effective Complexity

Effective Complexity 的思想史、形式化、爭議與後續影響

聖塔菲研究所系列 060：混沌理論與非線性動力學在聖塔菲的角色

聖塔菲研究所系列 060：從「可預測性的極限」到「複雜適應系統」的制度化轉譯

聖塔菲研究所系列：演化、適應與適應度地景

從 Sewall Wright 的「適應地景」隱喻，到 Stuart Kauffman 在聖塔菲研究所脈絡下發展出的 NK 模型，再到蛋白質、抗藥性與高維序列空間的實驗地景：一條橫跨族群遺傳學、複雜系統、計算理論與分子演化的思想史。

Cormac McCarthy 與聖塔菲：科學與文學的交會

聖塔菲學派對機器學習與 AI 的影響與對話

從複雜適應系統、遺傳演算法、人工生命與「意義屏障」，理解一條沒有成為深度學習主流、卻長期塑造 AI 問題意識的研究傳統。

聖塔菲研究所系列 064：複雜系統的可預測性及其極限

聖塔菲學派的批評與局限

從「複雜性科學」的宏大承諾、方法論困境、制度化瓶頸，到今日 AI、網路科學與複雜經濟學中的殘留問題

摘要 Recent attempts to understand the origin of 社會 fr

摘要 Recent attempts to understand the origin of 社會 fragmentation are based on spin models which include terms accounting for two 社會 phenomena: homophily the tendency for people with similar o…

不同的亞群是否意味著嘈雜的單細胞中的行為模式？

摘要 螢光或分子計數的群體層級分佈通常用來反映該群體內單一細胞的行為。在這篇概念性文章中，我認為計算亞群可能是一個誤導性的指標，用於識別系統內單一細胞可訪問的行為模式的數量。我表明，當系統狀態或雜訊的波動變得顯著時，基於確定性建模的行為模式定義可能會失敗。在這種情況下，機率分佈中的峰值（從隨機描述中出現）通常被解釋為確定性定義的穩定模式的替代品。然而，我證明了這種解釋可以被打破…

摘要 From work emerging through the middle of the 20th

摘要 From work emerging through the middle of the 20th century, the essence of meaning has become widely accepted as being described by the three orthogonal dimensions of valence, arousal, and…

實驗性暖化消除了植物與真菌共生體的相互作用，並導致了更保守的生態系統

摘要 氣候預測預計地球上每個陸地表面的溫度都會上升。預測氣候變暖的後果對科學和社會提出了挑戰。植物與微生物相互作用的變化可能導致生態系層面功能的重大變化。在世界上最長的氣候變遷實驗之一中，我們研究了 29 年暖化對北美落基山脈原生亞高山草原的影響。暖化導致植被從草本為主轉變為木本為主，暖化地區的灌木增加了 150%，而雜草和禾本科植物則減少了約 28%。這種轉變伴隨著功能特徵向…

摘要 Understanding social relationships is critical to

摘要 Understanding social relationships is critical to succeeding in primate societies. In 物種 with complex 社會網絡 (including humans), correctly predicting the strength of one’s social relationsh…

從 KEGG RCLASS 資料計算雙推出圖變換規則和原子到原子圖 作者：Beier, Nora；托馬斯·加特；雅各布·L·安德森和彼得·F·斯塔德勒

摘要 背景 原子到原子圖在許多應用中發揮重要作用。然而，它們通常很難獲得。 KEGG 反應資料庫不提供其反應的原子到原子圖，而是以所謂的 RCLASS 形式描述反應物和產物分子對的局部變化。 RCLASS 資料是為分類目的而開發的，很難用於建立原子間圖或反應規則等目的。另一方面，DPO 圖轉換規則可以作為一種方便且高效的表示形式，特別是對於這些應用程式。 RCLASS 資料可以…

外來歸化和本土滅絕驅動的全球樹木功能變化

摘要 人類活動同時推動本土滅絕和外來歸化，重塑全球樹木多樣性，對生態系統結構和功能產生重大影響。在這裡，我們分析了全球 31,001 種樹種的功能特徵和環境生態位，比較歸化、受威脅和非受威脅物種，以評估當前模式並預測在加劇的滅絕和歸化下的未來變化。未來樹木豐富的生態系統預計將越來越多地由具有貪婪特徵的快速生長、高資源利用物種主導，而生長緩慢、保守的物種則面臨更大的滅絕風險。儘管…

摘要 Developments in 人工智慧 (AI) have accelerated scient

摘要 Developments in 人工智慧 (AI) have accelerated scientific discovery1. Alongside recent AI oriented Nobel prizes2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9, these trends establish the role of AI tools in science10.…

摘要 動物如何從單細胞祖先演化而來是一個基本的生物學問題

摘要 動物如何從單細胞祖先演化而來是一個基本的生物學問題。所有動物都是單系的——擁有一個共同的祖先——這一事實意味著它們起源於單細胞真核生物，很可能是由罕見且高度有利的創新所驅動的。雖然化石記錄和最初的基因組比較表明動物起源於許多新基因的快速獲取，但對動物最近的單細胞親屬的新研究表明，大多數這些基因起源於動物進化之前。在這裡，我們提出了一個動物起源的新模型，它與我們這個時代最偉…

摘要 Cities are 演化arily novel environments that can im

摘要 Cities are 演化arily novel environments that can impose unique stressors on wildlife. The period of movement restrictions during the COVID 19 pandemic, dubbed the "anthropause," temporarily…

深度與廣泛的技術搜尋以及創新影響的時機

摘要 這項研究透過在動態集體知識系統中對創意搜尋進行建模並強調技術影響時機的重要性，為創新策略中深度與廣度的爭論提供了新的視角。我們使用前沿機器學習在雙曲空間中投影專利引用網絡，分析了 490 萬項美國專利，以研究搜尋策略如何產生不同的影響累積時間模式。我們發現，基於深度搜尋的發明依賴於對重組複雜結構的專業理解，透過在專業群體中的早期採用來推動更高的短期影響，但隨著創新被「鎖定…

顯示美國法律法規一個世紀以來複雜性演變的資料集

摘要 隨著社會在數位治理、氣候政策和公共衛生等領域面臨日益複雜的監管需求，迫切需要了解法律體系如何演變、監管注意力集中在哪裡以及其製度架構如何塑造適應能力。然而，法律的長期結構動態仍然沒有得到充分的實證探索。在這裡，我們對美國聯邦成文法的主要彙編《美國法典》（U.S. Code）進行了定量分析，涵蓋了該法典從 1926 年到 2023 年的整個歷史。我們包括與該法典的結構和語言…

摘要 Our ability to define the causes of aging could e

摘要 Our ability to define the causes of aging could enable targeted interventions to extend healthspan. Classical 演化的 models based on individual age have provided critical insights into empir…

清潔能源技術的知情投資

摘要 Governments and companies face consequential decisions about allocating resources to the research, development, demonstration and deployment of energy technologies to meet environmental, …

人類視覺皮層中的通用無標度表示

摘要 How does the human 大腦 encode complex visual 資訊? While previous research has characterized individual dimensions of visual representation in cortex, we still lack a comprehensive understan…

預測河川魚類出現和密度的乾燥狀況特徵

摘要 自然間歇系統中的物種可能已經進化到受益於歷史乾燥動態或能夠適應歷史乾燥動態，但預計氣候引起的乾旱化和人類對水的需求將增加空間和時間尺度上的乾燥。乾燥的增加已被確定為淡水無脊椎動物物種豐富度減少的主要水文決定因素，而可能表明乾燥的極低流量與魚類豐度和物種豐富度的減少有關。為了更了解河流乾燥加劇對魚類組合的影響，我們分析了 12 年空間明確的灌溉季節（4 月至 10 月）每日…

提煉食物網動態：自上而下和自下而上的滅絕和營養級聯驅動因素

摘要 Quantifying 族群 dynamics is a fundamental challenge in 生態學 and 演化ary biology, particularly for 物種 that are cryptic, microscopic, or extinct. Traditional approaches rely on continuous repre…

南非馬洛蒂-德拉肯斯堡 Afromontane 草原的植物性狀與相關生態數據

摘要 The Afromontane region harbors ancient grasslands with high levels of endemism, now under threat from land use change, 生物 invasions and encroachment, and 氣候 warming. As part of an interna…

量子力學的廣義非線性擴展

摘要 We construct the most general form of our previously proposed 非線性 extension of 量子 mechanics that possesses three basic properties. Unlike the simpler model, the new version is not complet…

雙向回饋系統中的耦合災難

摘要 Catastrophes are present across many disciplines, ranging from the extinction of 族群s in ecosystems to the collapse of prices in financial systems. Here, we focus on how interactions betwe…

一水硬鋁石內生物量分配的異速生長與系統發育：全球分析

摘要 Allometry, the study of size and its effects on 生物 traits, provides a quantitative and predictive framework for the 演化 of plant allocation strategies. While most studies focus on 縮放律 rela…

環境與環境之間的相互作用因遺傳背景而異

摘要 Environmental conditions shape phenotype and fitness, influencing which 突變s rise in frequency, the maintenance of 遺傳 多樣性, and 演化ary outcomes. When the combined impact of two environments …

TRAMbio：一個靈活的Python包，用於大分子的圖剛性分析

摘要 Background Insight into the rigidity or flexibility of molecular structures is integral for a series of common research questions in molecular biology, including the identification of fun…

透過模型增強改進疫情預測

摘要 Accurate forecasts of 疾病 outbreaks are critical for effective public health responses, management of healthcare surge capacity, and communication of public risk. There are a growing numbe…

度量網路上的動態過程

摘要 The structure of a 網絡 has a major effect on dynamical processes on that 網絡. Many studies of the interplay between 網絡 structure and dynamics have focused on models of phenomena such as 疾病 …

彌合約理心認知差距可促進社會聯繫

摘要 Young adults face a rising tide of mental illness and loneliness. We propose that an overlooked barrier for 社會 connection is how people perceive each other's empathy. Here, our longitudin…

流感抗病毒策略建模：減輕負擔並預防抗藥性

摘要 Annually, influenza 流行病學cs lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide many more hospitalizations. The antivirals baloxavir and oseltamivir improve outcomes and limit 病毒 spread, but…

自發性對稱破缺在物理和生物中的角色

摘要 Coexistence is simultaneously one of the most fundamental concepts of 生態學, and one of the most difficult to define. A particular challenge is that, despite a well developed body of resear…

合成生物學中的基因電路設計

摘要 自組織 of individual organisms at a very small scale may result in recognizable functional ecosystem structures at a larger spatial scale. Drylands, which cover almost half of emerged lands,…

社會網絡中的意見極化

摘要 The cosmic far infrared background (CIB) encodes dust emission from all galaxies and carries valuable 資訊 on structure formation, star formation, and chemical enrichment across cosmic time…

模擬經典瑪雅城市的興衰：氣候、衝突與規模經濟

摘要 城市ization was one of the most significant transitions in human history, yet explanations for the rise and expansion of early cities remain contentious. Here, we propose that simple models…

替換、增強、顛覆：人工智慧與組織決策

摘要 Generative 人工智慧 (AI) and Large 語言 Models (LLMs) will have an enormous impact on how organizations make decisions. On many operational decisions, AI and LLMs will replace humans, while on …

一夫多妻制的高比例並沒有將大部分男性排除在婚姻市場之外

摘要 学术文献和大众媒体普遍认为，一夫多妻制通过扭曲婚姻市场的性别比例来阻止大量男性结婚。反过来，将男性排除在婚姻之外被认为会导致负面结果，例如助长犯罪和武装冲突。在本文中，我们系统地研究了一夫多妻制与男性婚姻前景之间的关系。首先，我們使用人口統計模型表明，在一系列現實的人口統計情境下，婚姻市場已經足夠女性化，可以維持一定程度的一夫多妻制，而不會將任何男性排除在婚姻之外。其次，…

複雜網絡上的傳播動態

摘要 許多關於生命起源的研究都集中在封裝的優點上。除了這些優點之外，要實現封裝的系統可能還需要克服嚴峻的挑戰。在這裡，我們解決了與封裝生物系統相關的一般限制。我們首先考慮地球現存的生化系統，並表明大分子的速率和大小的微小變化很容易使封裝變得困難。我們發現，如果核醣體的大小較慢，則存在一個閾值，現代生命無法封裝在細胞中。我們也展示了最大的細胞如何受到單位尺寸核醣體比率的限制。我們…

差距的科學

摘要 我們考慮評估和擴展有關生命起源的推測假設的問題。生活的複雜性和歷史偶然性的可能性相結合，使得知識和思想的缺失（我們稱之為「差距」）阻礙了其最基本問題的廣泛多樣性。事實證明，為證明成熟和穩定的科學信念的合理性而發展起來的科學經驗主義方法對於通過間隙進行推理不太有用，在這種情況下，一致性標準可能很少得到滿足，並且隱喻等較弱的標準在實踐中充當動機。我們考慮情境在證明推測假設的合…

生命的起源：可能與實際

摘要 The questions of how life forms, whether life is an inevitable outcome and how diverse its presentation could be remain some of the most profound in science. Investigations into the origi…

生命起源的分歧與相變

摘要 The path towards the 湧現 of life in our biosphere involved several key events allowing for the persistence, reproduction and 演化 of molecular systems. All these processes took place in a gi…

原細胞能量轉換、訊息與健身

摘要 An integrated protocellular system is presented and studied in simulation. In this system, co factor molecules serve both as part of an electron relay for an energy transduction mechanism…

有向超路徑中的裝配

摘要 Assembly theory has received considerable attention in the recent past. Here we analyze the formal framework of this model and show that assembly pathways coincide with certain minimal hy…

細胞預測的最小遺傳電路

摘要 Living systems have evolved 認知 complexity to reduce environmental uncertainty, enabling them to predict and prepare for future conditions. Anticipation, distinct from simple prediction, i…

關於玻爾茲曼-吉布斯統計力學中臨界現象理論中出現的數學分歧

摘要 The standard Theory of Critical Phenomena within Boltzmann Gibbs 統計 mechanics is known to successfully predict, at any temperature differing from a continuous phase transition critical on…

城市形態的自組織演化

摘要 Technology plays a central role in all human societies, from foraging to industrial economies. However, technological solutions come with associated costs, and in small scale societies, t…

「地球系統工程師」和生物體在深層的累積影響

摘要 Understanding the role of humans as 'ecosystem engineers' requires a deep time perspective rooted in 演化ary history and the fossil record. However, no conceptual framework exists for study…

系統性紅斑狼瘡的結構-功能整合破壞及其對認知彈性的影響

摘要 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic auto免疫 疾病, with 認知 dysfunction being one of its most common neuropsychiatric manifestations. 認知 flexibility relies on the integration of 大腦…

網路上量子行走的聚類誘導定位

摘要 網路上的量子行走是量子資訊理論中的一個範例模型。量子行走演算法已被開發用於各種應用，包括空間搜尋問題、元素獨特性問題和節點中心性分析。與經典對應物不同，量子行走的演化是單一的，因此它們不會收斂到平穩分佈。然而，對於許多應用來說，了解量子行走的長期行為以及網路結構對其演化的影響非常重要。在本文中，我們研究網路上連續時間量子行走的定位。我們推導了長期逆參與比的解析表達式，該表…

KADAIF：複雜微生物組資料的異常檢測方法

摘要 Motivation The gut microbiome plays an important role in human health and 疾病, prompting large scale studies that generate extensive datasets. A critical preprocessing step in analysing su…

用於預防試驗的 HIV 感染日期的貝葉斯估計

摘要 Accurate timing estimates of when participants acquire HIV in HIV prevention trials are necessary for determining antibody levels at acquisition. The Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) St…

當你掉進黑洞時霍金輻射是什麼樣子

摘要 我們研究了半經典史瓦西黑洞視界附近自由落體安魯 德威特粒子探測器的測量結果。我們的結果表明，在哈特爾 霍金真空和安魯真空中，探測器的反應隨著其接近和跨越地平線而平穩增加。然而，這些測量主要取決於偵測器開關的影響，而不是霍金輻射粒子的探測。我們證明，自由落體的安魯 德威特探測器無法直接測量地平線附近的霍金輻射，因為熱化所需的時間比地平線附近花費的時間長。我們根據粒子探測器的…

KGG：知識引導圖自監督學習增強分子特性預測

摘要 Molecular property prediction has become essential in accelerating advancements in drug discovery and materials science. Graph 神經 網絡s have recently demonstrated remarkable success in mole…

富集的廣義悖論：退化生態系中噪音驅動的稀有性

摘要 The paradox of enrichment stipulates that increasing the resources available to the 獵物 族群 can lead to instability and a higher likelihood of 族群 fluctuations. We study the converse situati…

使用平均場極限來近似主方程式的隨機擴散

摘要 隨機 擴散 is the noisy process through which dynamics like 流行病學cs, or 智能體s like animal 物種, disperse over a larger area. These processes are increasingly important to better prepare for pandem…

使用大型語言模型對策略情境進行分類並破解人類行為背後的動機

摘要 By varying prompts to a large 語言 model, we can elicit the full range of human behaviors in a variety of different scenarios in classic 經濟 games. By analyzing which prompts elicit which be…

有限記憶約束下歧視的演變

摘要 We develop an 演化ary model for individual discriminatory behavior that emerges naturally in a mixed 族群 as an adaptive strategy. Our findings show that, when individuals have finite memory …

從生物體特徵到生態系過程：為什麼規模如此重要

摘要 Understanding the relationships between organism traits and ecosystem processes is crucial for advancing ecological theory and predicting ecosystem responses to environmental change. Fund…

深度學習在科學發現中的應用

摘要 蜜蜂以其建造複雜且適應性強的蜂巢的技能而聞名，這些蜂巢顯示出細胞大小的顯著變化。然而，它們在構造不同蜂窩尺寸的蜂窩體時的適應性程度尚未被徹底研究。我們使用 3D 列印和 X 光顯微鏡來量化蜜蜂將蜂巢調整到不同初始條件的能力。我們的研究結果提出了三種不同的梳子構造模式，以響應具有不同尺寸的 3D 列印單元的基礎。對於較小的地基，蜜蜂有時會合併相鄰的單位以補償減少的空間。然而…

社交網絡中的合作演化

摘要 Environmental microbiology is a multidisciplinary area that can encompass field expeditions, 計算 modelling and aseptic culturing techniques in the laboratory. Training at the graduate and …

來自挪威全球變遷實驗和氣候梯度的植物性狀和相關生態數據

摘要 Plant functional trait based approaches are powerful tools to assess the consequences of global environmental changes for plant ecophysiology, 族群 and community 生態學, ecosystem functioning,…

產品空間的兩極化：技能強度與經濟發展

摘要 A country's capacity to diversify into more sophisticated products depends both on the skills it has and the skills those products require. Here we introduce Product Skill Intensity, a me…

腺苷激酶和 ADAL 協調修飾腺苷的解毒以保護新陳代謝

摘要 RNA contains diverse post transcriptional modifications, and its catabolic breakdown yields numerous modified nucleosides requiring correct processing, but the mechanisms remain unknown. …

建構 α-高斯和邏輯圖：逐漸和突然過渡到混沌

摘要 We introduce the alpha Gauss Logistic map, a new 非線性 dynamics constructed by composing the logistic and alpha Gauss maps. Explicitly, our model is given by x(t+1) = f(L)(x(t))x(t )( alpha…

基因組中的暗物質：非編碼DNA的功能

摘要 Understanding the neurophysiological changes underlying conscious unconscious transitions is a key goal in neuroscience. Using magnetic resonance neuroimaging, we investigate the 網絡 conne…

隨機熱力學的基礎與應用

摘要 Many microbial eukaryotes have unicellular life stages, but can also form multicellular colonies. We explored hydrodynamic consequences of colony morphology, which affects swimming and fl…

具有群體意見的意見模型中的振盪與興奮動態

摘要 In traditional models of opinion dynamics, each 智能體 in a 網絡 has an opinion and changes in opinions arise from pairwise (i.e., dyadic) interactions between 智能體s. However, in many situation…

資訊動態與生態系中高階個體的出現

摘要 At what level does 自然選擇 occur? When considering the reproductive dynamics of interacting and mutating 智能體s, it has long been debated whether selection is better understood by focusing on …

關於在美國刑事司法系統中負責任地使用人工智慧

摘要 人工智慧 (AI) is advancing quickly and is being adopted in most industries. Using AI to draft an email message or check your grammar is typically not a cause for concern, but using it to make…

社會合作的演化基礎

摘要 Innovations improve technology costs through various kinds of engineering advancements, including changes to materials choices and device or process designs. Understanding how these innov…

物種和性狀豐度分佈作為理解應用生態學中乾擾效應和群落組裝的工具

摘要 物種 abundance distributions (SADs) depict the order of 物種 based on their ranked abundances. While they have been central to much theoretical work in community 生態學, their practical value in…

量子生物學：生命中的量子效應

摘要 Panel data arise when time series measurements are collected from multiple, dynamically independent but structurally related systems. Each system's time series can be modeled as a partial…

生態系統服務的經濟估值

摘要 Background and aims: Elderly onset inflammatory bowel 疾病 (IBD) patients (age = 60 at diagnosis) have unique characteristics that require special consideration. Using a real life registry …

生命歷程中個體免疫反應的趨同與分歧

摘要 Three ingredients create the strikingly variable 免疫 trajectories observed across human 族群s: (i) 遺傳 variation, (ii) individual scale generation of additional 遺傳 多樣性 solely in lymphocytes, …

神經相似性預測陌生人是否會成為朋友

摘要 What determines who becomes and stays friends? Many factors are linked to friendship, including physical proximity and interpersonal similarities. Recent work has leveraged neuroimaging t…

非平衡相變的理論框架

摘要 The C. elegans Orsay 病毒 pathosystem provides a powerful model for investigating the mechanisms that govern viral infection and immunity. Here, we focus on two key aspects of this interact…

泛熱帶樹木年輪顯示乾旱對莖生長的影響很小

摘要 Increasing drought pressure under anthropogenic 氣候 change may jeopardize the potential of tropical 森林s to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long term carbon dioxide sink. To ev…

全球貿易網絡的韌性分析

摘要 Conversations shape future behaviors, particularly among young adults. However, young adults vary widely in their susceptibility to peer influence. What 神經 processes relate to this suscep…

不只是選擇：擴大基因-文化協同演化的範圍

摘要 Gene culture co演化 (GCC) an ambitious synthesis of 生物 and 社會 sciences is often used to explain the 演化 of key human traits. Despite the framework's broad conceptual appeal however, empirica…

自我強化級聯：不同強度或品質的信念或產物的傳播模型

摘要 Models of how things spread often assume that 傳播 mechanisms are fixed over time. However, 社會 contagions the spread of ideas, beliefs, innovations can lose or gain in momentum as they spre…

最近進化的階段特異性基因在文件中的生命階段轉變中得到豐富

摘要 Understanding how genomic 資訊 is selectively utilized across different life stages is essential for deciphering the developmental and 演化ary strategies of metazoans. In holometabolous insec…

文化傳播中的創新擴散

摘要 當科學家使用 Google Scholar、Scopus 和 Web of Science 等平台搜尋文章時，他們看到的結果是由搜尋演算法決定的。這些演算法優先考慮高被引用的論文。一方面，這加強了這些論文與相應關鍵字的關聯，這有助於顯示主流學科的主導出版物。然而，它也縮小了對替代方法、理論或研究項目的接觸範圍。因此，探索新興主題或跨學科問題的研究人員面臨發現相關但較少被引…

大腦的預測編碼理論

摘要 城市 environments are often associated with resource and environmental differences providing potential novel selection pressures compared to adjacent unmodified landscapes. While these char…

生物時鐘的數學理論

摘要 文化 演化 is driven by how we choose what to consume and share with others. A common belief is that the 文化 artifacts that succeed are the ones that balance novelty and conventionality. This "…

人類丘腦皮質結構連結的發展與皮質可塑性的分層軸一致

摘要 Human cortical development follows a hierarchical, sensorimotor to association sequence. The 大腦's capacity to enact this sequence indicates that it relies on unknown mechanisms to regulat…

社會不平等的動力學模型

摘要 In “The Ecological Approach to Culture”, Baumard and Andre (2025) argue that culture is not fundamentally different from 生態學, and that “適應ist thinking and inclusive fitness theory [are] j…

合成細胞的設計與建構

摘要 We propose a new approach to funding 疾病 specific drug development via a variation of the adaptive platform trial. This trial is designed to test a portfolio of drug candidates in parallel…

隨機矩陣理論在複雜系統中的應用

摘要 城市ization is a significant source of inter and intra city environmental variation and is associated with declining avian 族群 sizes, with a shift towards more homogeneous communities that c…

放牧調節旱地植被的多尺度空間結構

摘要 植物可以改善當地環境，並在旱地創造植被和裸土的兩相空間結構，這在很大程度上影響生態系統的功能。儘管越來越多的研究探討了乾旱等全球變化驅動因素如何影響旱地的植被空間結構（例如斑塊大小分佈），但仍不清楚放牧影響與氣候梯度的影響有何不同，這些影響如何隨食草動物的攝食習慣而變化，以及哪些植物水平特徵（例如大小和生命形式）介導了這些空間響應。在這裡，我們將生態系統影像的空間植被模式…

更多數據的危害：下一代水庫運算的不穩定性和正規化

摘要 It has been found recently that more data can, counter intuitively, hurt the performance of deep 神經 網絡s. Here, we show that a more extreme version of the phenomenon occurs in data driven …

城市熱島效應的物理機制與緩解策略

摘要 Tree 物種 worldwide face increasing exposure to unprecedented macroclimatic conditions due to anthropogenic 氣候 change, which may trigger biome shifts and ecosystem disruptions. We quantifie…

回覆 Izuma 和 Kakinuma：對話使自我觀點在降噪之上和之外保持一致

摘要 Izuma 和 Kakinuma 證明，重複採樣可以減少自我報告的變異性，從而隨著時間的推移產生收斂的外觀 (1)。他們提出了一個重要的觀點，我們很高興在這裡提出這一點。我們的數據表明，我們觀察到的對話引起的對齊——我們稱之為自我間對齊（ISA；2）——持續存在於這個偽影之上和之外。我們將對話條件與 Izuma 和 Kakinuma 報告的數據以及與我們原始設計平行但沒有…

全球變冷導致石炭紀-二疊紀fusuline有孔蟲物種多樣化，暖化導致滅絕

摘要 The fossil record provides the only direct evidence of changes in 生物多樣性 over time. Patterns in more inclusive taxonomic levels (e.g., families and orders) often become more complex becaus…

動態重新連結的小世界網路上伊辛自旋和生態振盪器的行為

摘要 Many ecological 族群s are known to display a cyclic behavior with period 2. Previous work has shown that when a meta族群 (a group of coupled 族群s) with such dynamics is allowed to interact via…

生態系統的能量流動與營養級聯

摘要 遺傳 algorithms are a powerful method to solve optimization problems with complex cost functions over vast search spaces that rely in particular on recombining parts of previous solutions. …

大陸尺度分析揭示了廣泛的根雙峰性

摘要 An improved understanding of root vertical distribution is crucial for assessing plant soil atmosphere interactions and their influence on the land carbon sink. Here, we analyze a contine…

演化中的表型可塑性

摘要 合作 at scale is critical for achieving a sustainable future for humanity. However, achieving collective, cooperative behavior in which intelligent actors in complex environments jointly im…

熱帶森林碳循環對氣候變遷的回饋

摘要 We study the 演化 of a system of many point particles initially concentrated in a small region in d dimensions. Particles undergo overdamped motion caused by pairwise interactions through t…

古氣候重建中的代用指標

摘要 人工智慧 (AI) is reshaping international governance, presenting opportunities to enhance systemic 韌性 while posing significant ethical, 社會, and geopolitical challenges. This paper argues that …

人工生命與複雜系統的交叉

摘要 Large 語言 models (LLMs), through their exposure to massive collections of online text, learn to reproduce the perspectives and linguistic styles of diverse 社會 and 文化 groups. This capabilit…

COVID-19 期間的病毒動態模型：我們準備好應對下一次大流行了嗎？

摘要 數學 models have been used for about 30 years to improve our understanding of 病毒 host interaction, in particular during chronic infections. During the COVID 19 pandemic, these models have b…

摘要 四子棋是一款兩人遊戲，每個玩家都試圖成為第一個創建一個由四個棋子組成的序列的人，這些棋子可以水平、

摘要 四子棋是一款兩人遊戲，每個玩家都試圖成為第一個創建一個由四個棋子組成的序列的人，這些棋子可以水平、垂直或對角排列，輪流將棋子放入寬度為七、高度為六的網格的列中。 《Misère Connect Four》遵循相同的規則，但目標相反：不連接四個。本文宣布四子棋的問題已解決：雙方的完美表現將導致第二名玩家獲勝。更一般地說，本文還宣佈在 w x h 棋盤上玩的 Misère C…

代謝縮放理論：從細胞到生態系統

摘要 Background A key step toward understanding psychiatric disorders that disproportionately impact female mental health is delineating the 湧現 of sex specific patterns of 大腦 organisation at t…

宿主競爭性不對稱加速微生物-病毒協同演化系統中的病毒演化

摘要 Microbial host 族群s evolve traits conferring specific resistance to viral 捕食者s via various defence mechanisms, while 病毒es reciprocally evolve traits to evade these defences. Such co演化ary d…

伊辛鐵磁體和非加性熵：平衡和非平衡性質

摘要 Some equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of the one dimensional nearest neighbor Ising ferromagnet that are grounded on nonadditive entropies are reviewed. First, we focus on the kn…

使用機器學習調查複合系統的描述空間

摘要 Multivariate 資訊 theory provides a general and principled framework for understanding how the components of a system are connected. Existing analyses are coarse in nature built up from cha…

重新檢視穩健性：論中心性與在地化的中性演變

摘要 This study investigates the intricate interplay among neutral landscape structure, 突變 rate, recombination rate, and 族群 dynamics in shaping 演化ary robustness. We provide a comprehensive fra…

人類語言的複雜性與資訊熵

摘要 We investigate mechanisms for the observed 非線性 growth in the number of polymer vesicles generated during a photo Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer based polymerization indu…

分子自組裝的設計原則

摘要 我們研究了 Chern Simons 理論中的多部分糾纏模式，其中具有緊緻簡單規範群 G 和級別 k，其狀態由「連結補」上的路徑積分定義，即邊界由 n 個拓撲連結環面組成的緊流形。我們關注的是連結互補，它可以在拓撲上描述為 Seifert 表面上的纖維。我們表明，這種纖維連結補態的糾纏結構是由拓樸不變量（纖維化的單向性）控制的。因此，Chern Simons 連結狀態的糾…

文化演化中的累積適應

摘要 物種' traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree 物種 across the globe. The extent to which traits of dominant and rare tree 物種 differ remains untested across a broad…

使用經典分子動力學模擬對無定形生物炭結構進行建模

摘要 Biochar (BC) is a highly porous carbonaceous material with excellent adsorbent properties. The surface properties of BC can be modified to enhance the efficiency of adsorption of specific…

自組織臨界性與地震預測

摘要 In this paper, we present a brief critical analysis of the data, methodology, and results of the most recent publication on the 計算 phylogeny of the Indo European family (Heggarty et al. 2…

量子資訊與黑洞的資訊悖論

摘要 社會 dynamics are often driven by both pairwise (i.e., dyadic) relationships and higher order (i.e., polyadic) group relationships, which one can describe using hypergraphs. To gain insight…

大蠟螟新型隱球菌感染動態

摘要 Galleria mellonella has emerged as an important host for the study of fungal virulence, insect 免疫 responses, and the evaluation of antifungal 智能體s. In this study, we investigated the dyna…

識別與城市公園主觀認知恢復和改善影響相關的品質和便利設施

摘要 Although visiting a park is usually considered to be a 'nature experience', not all city parks are natural environments. Additionally, parks differ in the affordances they offer in terms …

非線性微分系統的卡爾曼近似

摘要 我們研究托斯頓·卡爾曼一個世紀前引入的一種近似非線性微分系統解的方法。他的想法是用無限維線性系統來取代非線性系統。卡勒曼近似值是在求解截斷版本時獲得的。我們描述了線性化過程並提出了應用卡爾曼技術的兩種不同方法。在第一種情況下，這是常見的情況，卡爾曼近似集中在相空間中的平衡點。所得線性系統始終是齊次的，並且通常可以解析求解更高階的近似。感興趣點越接近平衡點，近似解越準確。在…

網路流的多尺度場論

摘要 網絡 flows are pervasive, including the movement of people, transportation of goods, 傳播 of energy, and dissemination of 資訊; they occur on a range of empirical interconnected systems, from d…

最優覓食理論的數學基礎

摘要 To ensure survival and reproduction, individual animals navigating the world must regularly sense their surroundings and use this 資訊 for important decision making. The same is true for an…

與海洋氧化還原變化相關的早古生代三葉蟲的間歇性體型變化

摘要 Body size greatly affects how organisms interact with their environments. However, the macro演化ary patterns of body size across many major metazoan clades and their constraining mechanisms…

離散時間主動推理的簡明數學描述

摘要 In this paper we present a concise 數學 description of active inference in discrete time. The main part of the paper serves as a basic introduction to the topic, including a detailed exampl…

催產素受體的膽固醇變構調節

摘要 G 蛋白質 coupled receptors are critical components in cellular signaling, mediating various physiological responses to external stimuli. Here, we investigate the intricate relationship betwe…

作者支付的出版費破壞了科學，應該被放棄

摘要 作者支付的出版費通常與所謂的「黃金」開放取用期刊有關，它會激勵發表低品質的研究成果，從而導致科學腐敗，並加劇享有盛譽且資金充足的機構與資金雄厚的機構之間的不平等。資助機構和大學圖書館支付文章處理費的壓力浪費了研究經費，並阻礙了建立更永續的出版系統的努力。我們建議完全放棄學術研究向作者支付的出版費，學術研究的出版通常是一種公共產品，但卻可以使出版商致富，同時降低研究成果。謹…

群體免疫的數學門檻

摘要 Modern psychiatry faces challenges in translating neuro生物 insights into treatments for severe illnesses. The mid 20th century witnessed the rise of molecular mechanisms as pathophysiologi…

複雜系統中的湧現行為與還原論的限制

摘要 This article describes seven potential benefits of incorporating 智能體 based modeling (ABM) as a core research methodology for psychological research on 社會 phenomena: building formal theori…

傳染病動態的空間建模

摘要 Pervasive across diverse domains, 隨機 systems exhibit fluctuations in processes ranging from molecular dynamics to 氣候 phenomena. The Langevin equation has served as a common 數學 model for s…

科學中的性別與種族多樣性社會化

摘要 Scientific collaboration 網絡s are a form of unequally distributed 社會 capital that shapes both researcher job placement and long term research productivity and prominence. However, the role…

心理學家認知特徵的差異與科學分歧有關

摘要 Scientific research is often characterized by schools of thought. We investigate whether these divisions are associated with differences in researchers' 認知 traits such as tolerance for am…

計算不可約性與自然定律的極限

摘要 This study (1R01HD107002 01A1) protocol describes the planned creation and use of an 智能體 based model (ABM) of early childhood physical activity (PA). Successful early childhood PA interve…

演化中的遺傳約束與發育偏差

摘要 Here, we assess the extent to which land use relating to food acquisition (farming, herding, foraging) and associated value regimes shaped past 經濟 不平等. We consider the hypothesis that lan…

演化博弈論在經濟學中的應用

摘要 The Gini coefficient is a 統計 measure commonly used to characterize distributions of socio經濟 quantities. Archaeologists and 社會 scientists have recently adopted this method to analyze ancie…

演化發育生物學中的基因調控網絡

摘要 Long entrenched grand narratives have tied 不平等 in large human aggregations to generally linear trends, a direct outcome of domestication, then fostered by 族群 growth and/or stepped scalar …

考古學中的網絡分析方法

摘要 Understanding the relationship between 不平等 and 經濟 growth is a critical science problem that hinders sustainable development. In 1955, Simon Kuznets hypothesized that rising 經濟 growth rais…

演化賽局理論中的隨機效應

摘要 Defining wealth broadly to include wealth in people, relational connections, and material possessions, we examine the prehistory of wealth 不平等 at the level of the residential units using …

社會不平等的計算考古學

摘要 Definitions of 永續 commonly stress both systemic continuity and equality over time. However, the degree to which these two sides of 永續 might be related has not been systematically investig…

資訊幾何與統計推論

摘要 By unifying three foundational principles of modern biology, we develop a 數學 framework to analyze the growing tree of life. Contrary to the static case, where the analogy between 系統發育 tre…

每日平均溫度比每小時溫度總和更能預測瘧疾傳播的熱極限

摘要 Temperature shapes the geographic distribution, seasonality, and magnitude of mosquito borne 疾病 outbreaks. Models predicting 傳播 often use mosquito and pathogen thermal responses measured …

實體網路成為他們所學到的東西

摘要 Physical 網絡s can develop tuned responses, or functions, by design, by 演化, or by learning via local rules. In all of these cases, tunable degrees of freedom characterizing internal interac…

軌跡類漲落定理

摘要 The Trajectory Class Fluctuation Theorem (TCFT) presents equalities between 熱力學 quantities, such as work costs and free energy changes, and the probabilities of classes of system state tr…

文明崩潰的複雜系統視角

摘要 Motivation Unraveling the human interactome to uncover 疾病 specific patterns and discover drug targets hinges on accurate 蛋白質 蛋白質 interaction (PPI) predictions. However, challenges persist…

氣候模型中的不確定性量化

摘要 At root, perception converts external 資訊 from an environment to signals of use in downstream cognition. We explore a 族群 of interacting perceptual 智能體s whose adaptive internal structure tr…

演化中的趨同與平行

摘要 Orthology inference lies at the foundation of comparative genomics research. The correct identification of loci which descended from a common ancestral sequence is not only complicated by…

計算社會科學的方法與挑戰

摘要 Music traditions worldwide are subject to remarkable 多樣性 but the origins of this variation are not well understood. Musical behaviour is the product of a multicomponent collection of abil…

量子蒙地卡羅方法在凝態物理中的應用

摘要 在本期關於「哲學家的工具包」如何促進神經科學進步的特刊的編輯們所採用的術語中，本文報道了向幾位神經科學家提出了這個問題，所有這些神經科學家都有與哲學家成功互動的記錄。這些討論採用了遵循巴維奇方法的結構化訪談的形式。結果凸顯了這些神經科學家認為哲學家可以幫助他們解決的許多問題。關於「哲學家的工具包」的組成，出現了不同的觀點。但這些神經科學家中的每一位都看到了哲學家在神經科學…

演化動態中的中性理論

摘要 A theory derived ecological equation of state relating 生物多樣性, productivity, abundance and biomass in ecosystems has been tested with satellite derived proxy 森林ry data. Predicted failure o…

摘要 The comparative roles of 物種 and structural 多樣性 in

摘要 The comparative roles of 物種 and structural 多樣性 in mitigating the impacts of salinity were evaluated. Greater 多樣性 contributes to mitigating salinity impacts by interacting with nutrients a…

多智能體系統中的集體決策

摘要 Diaries seem to contain almost anything; how could it be otherwise, given the 多樣性 of their authors, the variety of contexts in which they are authored, and the range of reasons for author…

量子糾纏的非局域性

摘要 Low socio經濟 status (SES) undergraduates are often worse off in well being than high SES peers. These "well being gaps" lessen when low SES students self report being 社會ly connected; howev…

現存木本非單子葉被子植物群落規模單位面積葉量分佈的全球模式及其在化石記錄中的效用

摘要 PremiseLeaf mass per area (LMA) links leaf 經濟 strategies, community assembly, and 氣候 and can be reconstructed from woody non monocot angiosperm (WNMA) fossils using the petiole metric (PM…

人工智慧學會推理

摘要 Julia has two sisters and one brother. How many sisters does her brother Martin have? Solving this tiny puzzle requires a bit of thinking. You might mentally picture the family of three g…

物種滅絕的選擇性模式

摘要 A plethora of methods have been developed in the past two decades to infer the underlying 網絡 structure of an interconnected system from its collective dynamics. However, methods capable o…

摘要 The Florida Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigul

摘要 The Florida Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) is a unique sub物種 of waterfowl whose range is limited to peninsular Florida, USA. As an endemic sub物種, Florida Mottled Ducks face numer…

演化中的適應性景觀理論

摘要 Humans have an exceptional ability to notice relations between different entities and situations and to transfer their relational knowledge across contexts. For example, adults can easily…

氣候變遷下的物種分布建模

摘要 We suggest a possible origin for abrupt mixed order transitions in physical systems and demonstrate it on three different Ising模型s with additional different types of interactions. We iden…

馬尾藻海微生物磷採集中的晝夜分配

摘要 The daily cycle of photosynthetic primary production at the base of 海洋 食物網s is often limited by the availability of scarce nutrients. Microbial competition for these scarce resources can …

經濟不平等對健康的影響

摘要 Interactions among roots and leaves are fundamental for plant growth and survival, yet it remains a knowledge gap in mangrove plants that experience saline stress distinct from most other…

演化發育的基因工具箱

摘要 Understanding the capacity of 森林s to adapt to 氣候 change is of pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this is still widely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly acute in hi…

非平衡統計力學中的漲落定理

摘要 Tropical 森林s and woodlands are key components of the global carbon and water cycles. Yet, how 氣候 change affects these biogeochemical cycles is poorly understood because of scarce long ter…

海洋酸化對珊瑚礁的影響

摘要 Tropical 森林 canopies are the biosphere's most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy(1,2). However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tro…

摘要 Understanding the key drivers of 大腦 aging is esse

摘要 Understanding the key drivers of 大腦 aging is essential for effective prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative 疾病s. Here, we integrate human 大腦 and physiological data to investigate u…

社會流動性的代際傳遞

摘要 We characterize 量子 dynamics in triangular billiards in terms of five properties: (1) the level spacing ratio (LSR), (2) spectral complexity (SC), (3) Lanczos coefficient variance, (4) ene…

微生物燃料電池的生物電化學

摘要 透明導體（TC）具有光學透明性和電子傳導性，對於許多光電和光伏裝置至關重要。最常見的TC是電子摻雜氧化物，其在可能的摻雜劑的選擇上受到限制，因為過渡金屬通常不適合，因為它們傾向於與氧形成強鍵。非氧化物TC具有將材料類別擴展到磁性領域、繞過技術瓶頸並將TC帶入自旋電子學領域的潛力。在這裡，我們提出了將透明度和導電性與磁自旋極化相結合的新型功能材料，可用於自旋電子應用，例如自…

語言演化的數學模型

摘要 我們調查招聘流程，按順序面試一系列申請人，並根據申請人的分數立即做出是否僱用申請人的決定。對於最大和平均改進策略，決定取決於申請人的分數和所有員工（即以前成功的申請人）的分數。對於局部改進策略，為每位申請人隨機選擇一個面試委員會，根據申請人的分數和委員會成員的分數做出決定。這些理想化的招募策略抓住了不確定性下決策的挑戰。我們探討了最佳員工的平均分數、僱用所有前 N 個申請…

語言的統計結構與認知處理

摘要 Using county level data from the United States, we assessed allometric 縮放律 relationships of corona病毒 疾病 (COVID 19) cases, deaths and age structure within and across the first four major w…

複雜系統中的因果推論方法

摘要 Forman Ricci curvature (FRC) is a potent and powerful tool for analyzing empirical 網絡s, as the distribution of the curvature values can identify structural 資訊 that is not readily detected…

人類決策中的認知偏差

摘要 反應模板是代表反應中心以及周圍環境的圖表，以指定化學反應的顯著特徵。它們是假想過渡態的子圖，相當於雙推出圖重寫規則，因此可以直接應用於預測結構式層面的反應結果。我們在這裡介紹 SynTemp，一個旨在從大規模反應資料儲存庫中提取反應模板並分層聚類的框架。規則推理是作為一種強大的圖論方法實現的，它首先計算原子映射（AAM），作為來自多個最先進工具的部分預測的共識，然後通過機…

基因組中的跳躍基因：轉座子的演化意義

摘要 We study the angular 擴散 in a classical ?−dimensional inertial XY model with interactions decaying with the distance between spins as ?−?, with ?⩾0. After a very short time ballistic regim…

摘要 Luis Favela and Edouard Machery provide a summary

摘要 Luis Favela and Edouard Machery provide a summary of a survey they previously performed on how the term representation is used in the 大腦 sciences by neuroscientists, psychologists and phi…

臨界點處普遍不發散的 Grüneisen 參數

摘要 According to Boltzmann Gibbs (BG) 統計 mechanics, the 熱力學 response, such as the isothermal susceptibility, at critical points (CPs) presents a divergent like behavior. An appropriate parame…

超導西拉德引擎的非平衡熱力學

摘要 We implement a Szilard engine using a 2 bit logical unit consisting of inductively coupled 量子 flux parametrons Josephson junction superconducting circuits with applications in both the cl…

技能依賴性揭示了嵌套的人力資本

摘要 現代經濟需要日益多樣化和專業化的技能，其中許多技能首先取決於其他技能的獲得。在這裡，我們分析美國的調查數據，揭示技能組合中的嵌套結構，其中依賴性的方向是從不對稱的條件機率推斷出來的——職業需要一種技能以另一種技能為條件。這種方向性表明，先進的、特定的技能和知識往往建立在更廣泛的、基礎的技能和知識之上。我們研究了 7000 萬個工作轉型，以表明人力資本發展和職業發展遵循這種…

摘要 The SARS CoV 2 病毒 is primarily transmitted throug

摘要 The SARS CoV 2 病毒 is primarily transmitted through in person interactions, and so its growth in 城市 space is a complex function of human mobility behaviors that cannot be adequately explai…

摘要 Droughts are a natural hazard of growing concern

摘要 Droughts are a natural hazard of growing concern as they are projected to increase in frequency and severity for many regions of the world. The identification of droughts and their future…

自動化程序修復：新興趨勢為基準測試帶來並擴大了問題

摘要 機器學習 (ML) pervades the field of Automated Program Repair (APR). Algorithms deploy 神經 machine translation and large 語言 models (LLMs) to generate software patches, among other tasks. But, t…

人工神經網絡與生物神經網絡的比較

摘要 The lived experience of 城市 life is shaped by personal mobility through dynamic relationships and resources, marked not only by access and opportunity, but also 不平等 and segregation. The re…

從時間序列推斷因果關係的資訊理論方法

摘要 The 大腦 is immensely complex, with diverse components and dynamic interactions building upon one another to orchestrate a wide range of behaviors. Understanding patterns of these complex i…

生態系統的多穩態與臨界轉變

摘要 Aircraft wastewater surveillance has been proposed as a new approach to monitor the global spread of pathogens. Here we develop a 計算 framework providing actionable 資訊 for the design and e…

定向交通功能

摘要 Transit functions were introduced as models of betweenness on undirected structures. Here we introduce directed transit function as the directed analogue on directed structures such as po…

摘要 Comorbidity 網絡s have become a valuable tool to su

摘要 Comorbidity 網絡s have become a valuable tool to support data driven biomedical research. Yet, studies often are severely hindered by the availability of the necessary comprehensive data, o…

高階抗生素組合內的交互作用不會影響細菌的適應率

摘要 The prevalence and strength of 抗生素 resistance has led to an ongoing battle between the development of new treatments and the 演化 of resistance. Combining multiple drugs simultaneously is a…

時間序列分析中的非線性方法

摘要 In a subset of SARS CoV 2 infected individuals treated with the antiviral nirmatrelvir ritonavir, the 病毒 rebounds following treatment. The mechanisms driving this rebound are not well und…

摘要 The exploration of pathways and alternative pathw

摘要 The exploration of pathways and alternative pathways that have a specific function is of interest in numerous chemical contexts. A framework for specifying and searching for pathways has …

摘要 Various phenomenological generalizations of the f

摘要 Various phenomenological generalizations of the foundational equation in 量子 physics have been proposed in prior studies. This paper presents a rigorous analytical derivation, grounded in …

基因流動如何影響適應性景觀上的演化動態

摘要 物種 interactions play a crucial role in shaping 生物多樣性, 物種 coexistence, 族群 dynamics, community stability and ecosystem functioning. Our understanding of the role of the 多樣性 of 物種 interactio…

摘要 The dynamics of wild type (wt) RNA 病毒es and their

摘要 The dynamics of wild type (wt) RNA 病毒es and their defective viral 基因組s (DVGs) have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. This research has paid special attention…

多層網絡中的擴散與傳播

摘要 From sequences of discrete events, humans build mental models of their world. Referred to as graph learning, the process produces a model encoding the graph of event to event transition p…

生態系統中的臨界轉變與早期預警信號

摘要 Fears about the destabilizing impact of mis資訊 online have motivated individuals and platforms to respond. Individuals have increasingly challenged others' online claims with fact checks i…

無標度網絡中的同步化轉變

摘要 GenProg implemented a novel method for automatically evolving patches to repair test suite failures in legacy C programs. It combined insights from 遺傳 programming and software engineering…

摘要 The 細菌l 蛋白質 quality control (PQC) 網絡 comprises a

摘要 The 細菌l 蛋白質 quality control (PQC) 網絡 comprises a set of genes that promote proteostasis (proteome homeostasis) through proper 蛋白質 folding and function via chaperones, proteases, and 蛋白質 t…

經濟複雜性與國家發展

摘要 Maximizing the amount of work harvested from an environment is important for a wide variety of 生物 and technological processes, from energy harvesting processes such as photosynthesis to e…

細胞和基因治療

摘要 Policy Points Cell and gene therapies (CGTs) offer treatment for rare and oftentimes deadly 疾病, but their prices are high, and payers may seek to limit spending. Total annual costs of cov…

生物網絡中的模組化結構

摘要 We analyze the employment dynamics of a rapid decarbonization of the US power sector, reducing emissions by 95% before 2035. We couple an input output model with an occupational mobility …

多元 Hensel 提升，無需假設與方程式一樣多的變量

摘要 Hensel 提升是一種對具有整數係數的多項式方程組求模 p 的解，並將其「提升」到模 p2、p4、p8 等解的技術。 Hensel 提升的最初應用之一是整數多項式因式分解的演算法，其中方程組與方程式具有相同數量的變數。雖然文獻、教科書、課程和線上筆記中都詳細介紹了這種情況下的亨塞爾提升，但在本說明性註釋中，我們感興趣的是一般情況，其中變數的數量可以多於或少於方程式的數量…

摘要 量子 chaotic systems are conjectured to display a s

摘要 量子 chaotic systems are conjectured to display a spectrum whose fine grained features (gaps and correlations) are well described by random matrix theory (RMT). We propose and develop a com…

透過推斷血統片段的身份來估計自由放養的獼猴中已實現的相關性

摘要 生物 relatedness is a key consideration in studies of behavior, 族群 structure, and trait 演化. Except for parent offspring dyads, pedigrees capture relatedness imperfectly. The number and leng…

美國東部神秘的野生雀形目鳥類死亡事件

摘要 The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic dist城市ces and 氣候 related environmental c…

民主選舉競爭的普遍統計

摘要 Elections for public offices in democratic nations are large scale examples of collective decision making. As a 複雜系統 with a multitude of interactions among 智能體s, we can anticipate that un…

揭示馬達加斯加不同麻疹流行時期的麻疹免疫力趨勢

摘要 Estimating the durability of immunity from 疫苗接種 is complicated by unreported re疫苗接種 and unobserved natural infection or reexposure, which could result in overestimation of protection long…

廣義相對論中永恆黑洞希爾伯特空間的因式分解

摘要 We generalize recent results in two dimensional Jackiw Teitelboim gravity to study factorization of the Hilbert space of eternal black holes in 量子 gravity with a negative cosmological con…

摘要 Unravelling the connections between microscopic s

摘要 Unravelling the connections between microscopic structure, emergent physical properties and slow dynamics has long been a challenge when studying the glass transition. The absence of clea…

相互作用的複製動態中的持久性和中立性

摘要 We study the large time behavior of an ensemble of entities obeying replicator like 隨機 dynamics with mean field interactions as a model for a primordial 生態學. We prove the propagation of 混…

羅馬君主制和共和時期的歷史檔案顯示了公元前 753-29 年義大利人類對環境和氣候變遷的看法

摘要 Historical archives for the Roman Monarchic and Republican periods (753 29 BCE) offer a highly resolved series of observations of environmental and climatic phenomena in Central Italy. Th…

摘要 The interaction of infectious 疾病s and behavioural

摘要 The interaction of infectious 疾病s and behavioural responses to them has been the subject of widespread study. However, limited attention has been given to how broader 社會 context shapes be…

k-mers 對一維晶格的隨機順序覆蓋

摘要 在隨機順序覆蓋（RSC）中，相同的物件被隨機地、不可逆地、順序地沉積；只接受增加覆蓋範圍的嘗試。這個過程在無限基底上無限期地繼續，我們使用 k mers 分析了 Z 的 RSC 動力學。我們引入了一種方法，可以為該過程的動力學提供全面的解決方案。我們得出三聚體、四聚體和五聚體的明確解決方案；我們透過較長的聚合物 (k 5) 對 RSC 進行數值研究。 ※ 此為已發表論文，…

摘要 We study the spreading dynamics of content on 網絡s

摘要 We study the spreading dynamics of content on 網絡s. To do this, we use a model in which content spreads through a bounded confidence mechanism. In a bounded confidence model (BCM) of opini…

摘要 Inbred mice used for biomedical research display

摘要 Inbred mice used for biomedical research display an underdeveloped 免疫 system compared with adult humans, which is attributed in part to the artificial laboratory environment. Despite repr…

照顧死者：祖先、傳統與文化生活

摘要 Humans stand apart from other animals in our care for children and elders. We are most distinctive, however, in our care for the dead. Such care is fraught in a modern episteme marked by …

化學降解作為聚合物囊泡功能化的途徑

摘要 Readiness and the ability to functionalize are the fundamental features of natural living systems. Understanding the chemical roots of functionalization is a basic quest for the generatio…

演化醫學：以演化眼光理解疾病

摘要 Ecohydrology engineering provides a valuable framework for addressing emerging environmental challenges by integrating ecological and environmental engineering principles. In this study, …

複雜系統中的標度不變性

摘要 政策制定者經常選擇一個政策組合，這是不同劑量的不同幹預措施的組合。我們開發了一種新技術—治療變異聚合（TVA）—從大型析因設計中選擇策略。 TVA 將沒有顯著差異的政策變體匯集在一起，並刪除那些被認為無效的政策變體。這使我們能夠將注意力限制在總體政策變體上，一致地估計它們對結果的影響，並估計針對贏家詛咒進行調整的最佳政策效果。我們將 TVA 應用於一項大型隨機對照試驗，該…

人類合作的文化演化

摘要 From the formation of ice in small clusters of water molecules to the mass raids of army ant colonies, the emergent behavior of collectives depends critically on their size. At the same t…

數位流行病學：利用數位數據追蹤疾病

摘要 Coastal ecosystems face numerous stressors from anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, local stressors that directly impact ecological processes in one location can scale up to have indir…

機器學習在材料科學中的應用

摘要 Global politics has entered a more transactional era. Although ecosystem services provide valid 經濟 arguments for conserving 生物多樣性, these arguments do not resonate with politicians focused…

微生物群落的生態組裝規則

摘要 智能體 based models (ABMs) are dynamic computer simulations that abandon utility maximization and instead assume that 智能體s are boundedly rational and make decisions using heuristics, myopic …

蛋白質摺疊的能量景觀理論

摘要 Reaching net zero emissions will involve a structural transformation of the global economy. The transition is complicated by deep uncertainty about the new 經濟 configurations that will eme…

免疫系統的演化設計原則

摘要 Infectious 疾病 threats to individual and public health are numerous, varied and frequently unexpected. 人工智慧 (AI) and related technologies, which are already supporting human decision makin…

蜂巢溫度調節的集體智慧

摘要 Background Psychiatric symptoms are typically highly inter correlated at the group level. Collectively, these correlations define the architecture of psychopathology informing taxonomic a…

分子模擬揭示微孔結構與輕質氣體透過玻璃聚合物薄膜傳輸之間的關係

摘要 Microporous glassy polymers are attractive materials for gas separation membranes, due to their high permeability and tailorable selectivity, provided physical aging can be delayed. The a…

投資組合理論在理論與實務上的不合理有效性

摘要 作為現代金融的創始人之一，哈里·M·馬科維茨改變了金融經濟學家對金融市場和金融機構的思考方式，並將金融實踐從藝術轉變為科學。為了紀念他，我提供了三個具體例子來說明投資組合理論如何在我自己的研究中發揮核心作用，其中一個涉及適應性市場假說，兩個與生物醫學和聚變能源的實際應用相關。這些例子讓我相信投資組合理論在理論和實踐中具有「不合理的有效性」（借用偉大物理學家尤金·維格納的一…

生成式人工智慧可能透過勞動力轉移創造社會經濟轉折點

摘要 Work is fundamental to societal prosperity and mental health, providing financial security, a sense of identity and purpose, and 社會 integration. Job insecurity, underemployment and unempl…

一位父親在罕見疾病藥物開發中的遠徵：Elpida Therapy 和 Melpida 的案例研究

摘要 Therapeutic development for rare 疾病s is difficult for pharmaceutical companies due to significant scientific challenges, extensive costs, and low financial returns. It is increasingly com…

社團具有個人和集體的功能

摘要 The definition of society as identity group is most likely to be useful when combined with the instrumental functions of identity groupings. These take two key forms, with important diffe…

長期接觸銅後大腸桿菌族群的生存、抵抗力和適應度動態

摘要 Background and objectives: Copper is an essential micronutrient and a widely used antimicrobial, yet its widespread application may accelerate microbial resistance. We investigated how lo…

分子檢測對旅行者篩檢有效性的根本限制

摘要 Despite the appeal of screening travellers to prevent case importation during infectious 疾病 outbreaks, evidence shows that symptom screening is largely ineffective in delaying the geograp…

層級關係？只有發展才能說明一切

摘要 出生的數量和時間與可用資源的穩定性和外在死亡風險密切相關。作者提出了一個言語模型來理清這兩個變數之間的關係。然而，我們對他們關於這兩個預測因素之間的層次關係的假設提出質疑，並提出從發展的角度對它們之間的相互作用進行正式建模，可以進一步加深我們對女性生殖策略如何應對環境不確定性的理解。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

PicAxe：從 PDF 檔案的結構和句法異構語料庫中提取圖形

摘要 PicAxe 是開源 Python 軟體，研究人員可以使用它從包含文字和圖像的 PDF 文件語料庫中提取圖形。它旨在從語料庫中提取圖形，其中包括來自不同文化和時間段（語法異質）的文檔的掃描文件和“原生數字”PDF 文件（結構異構）。在本文中，我們描述了 PicAxe 的功能並在兩個語料庫上展示了其功能。其中一個語料庫包含代表 1929 年至 1974 年「微生物生物膜」概…

分形社交網路解決什麼問題？

摘要 Dunbar's framework highlights the challenge of maintaining large, stable 社會 網絡s given 認知 constraints. Expanding on this, I propose that 碎形 社會 網絡s function as lossy compression algorithms,…

合成多細胞性中的未決問題

摘要 Multicellularity is one of the major 演化ary transitions, and its rise provided the ingredients for the 湧現 of a biosphere inhabited by complex organisms. Over the last decades, the potentia…

使用數據驅動的優化方法制定基於證據的體育資助政策

摘要 Regular physical activity is essential for the healthy development of children, and sports clubs are one of the main drivers of regular exercise. Previous studies have demonstrated that p…

戴森氣體電流波動

摘要 We study large fluctuations of the current in a Dyson gas, a one dimensional system of particles interacting through a logarithmic potential and subjected to random noise. We adapt the ma…

摘要 Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are im

摘要 Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are important sources of 演化ary innovations. Understanding how 演化 navigates the sequence space of such sites can be achieved by mapping TFBS adap…

化學動力軟泳器的相互作用與振盪動力學

摘要 We report the interactions and dynamics of chemically powered soft swimmers that undergo autonomous oscillatory motion. The interaction of autonomous entities is the basis for the develop…

投資組合理論的不合理有效性

摘要 We propose a new performance attribution framework that decomposes a constrained portfolio's holdings, expected returns, variance, expected utility, and realized returns into components a…

什麼是宏觀國家？主觀觀察與客觀動態

摘要 We consider the question of whether 熱力學 macrostates are objective consequences of dynamics, or subjective reflections of our ignorance of a physical system. We argue that they are both; m…

d 維 α-海森堡鐵磁體準靜止狀態持續時間的臨界點

摘要 透過第一原理分子動力學研究了 d 維經典慣性 α 海森堡模型中出現的準靜止態 (QSS) 的持續時間，即 N 個三維旋轉體，其相互作用隨距離 r(ij) 衰減為 1/r(ij)(alpha) (alpha = 0)。這些 QSS 出現在超長程交互作用狀態 (0 <= alpha/d <= 1) 中，每個旋轉體的平均能量 U < U c (U c = 5/6)，而在 U U…

列舉有限進程

摘要 We show how to efficiently enumerate a class of finite memory 隨機 processes using the causal representation of & varepsilon; machines. We characterize & varepsilon; machines in the 語言 of a…

模板聚合

摘要 我們引入了基於模板的聚合過程，其中指定數量的組成簇必須組裝在更大的支架聚合體上才能發生反應。一個簡單的例子是二聚體支架，兩個單體在其上相遇並產生另一個二聚體，而二聚體和更大的簇以與質量無關的速率不可逆地連接。在平均場近似中，模板聚集具有不尋常的動力學，其中單體密度 ?⁡(?) 和所有比單體重的簇的密度 ?⁡(?) 隨著時間衰減為 ?∼?2∼?−2/3。這些與傳統聚合中的相…

高斯圖的推廣：跳入具有通用特徵的混沌

摘要 The Gauss map (or continued fraction map) is an important dissipative one dimensional discrete time dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior, and it generates a symbolic dynamics c…

新陳代謝的起源與早期演化

摘要 This study investigates city dynamics employing a nonextensive 擴散 equation suited for addressing 擴散 within a 碎形 medium, where the nonadditive parameter, q , plays a relevant role. The fin…

幂律分布在自然和社會中的普遍性

摘要 Covert identity signals permit the communication of group membership to ingroup members while avoiding potentially costly detection by members of other groups. If individuals are incentiv…

RNA世界假說的化學驗證

摘要 免疫 responses are induced by parasite exposure and can in turn reduce parasite burden. Despite such apparently simple rules of engagement, key drivers of within host dynamics, including do…

人口結構與經濟成長的非線性關係

摘要 In many 複雜系統s encountered in the natural and 社會 sciences, mechanisms governing system dynamics at a microscale depend upon the values of state variables characterizing the system at coars…

遠方好友，漁業管理集體行動

摘要 Much received wisdom in the conservation literature is that individual connections across community boundaries undercut natural resource management. However, when multiple communities acc…

關於超圖的割點和區間傳輸函數

摘要 傳輸函數 R : V x V — 2v 模型抽象介數以及二元聚類。例子是 I(u, v)，u 和 v 之間的間隔，包括從 u 到 v 的最短路徑上的所有點，以及 C(u, v)，將 u 和 v 與 u 和 v 一起分開的所有割頂點的集合。這裡我們將超圖的割點傳輸函數描述為滿足所有 u, v, x E v 的單調傳輸函數 (x) R(u, v) C R(u, x) U R(…

摘要 How can so many 物種 coexist in natural ecosystems

摘要 How can so many 物種 coexist in natural ecosystems remains a fundamental question in 生態學. Classical models suggest that competition for space and resources should maintain the number of coe…

摘要 The leading eigenvalue A of the adjacency matrix

摘要 The leading eigenvalue A of the adjacency matrix of a graph exerts much influence on the behavior of dynamical processes on that graph. It is thus relevant to relate notions of importance…

布朗運動驅動的被動粒子的通用動力學

摘要 We investigate the overdamped dynamics of a "passive" particle driven by nonreciprocal interaction with a "driver" Brownian particle. When the interaction between them is short ranged, th…

科學知識預測的有限傳播崩潰

摘要 Market bubbles emerge when asset prices are driven unsustainably higher than asset values, and shifts in belief burst them. We demonstrate an analogous phenomenon in the case of biomedica…

摘要 We survey archaeological evidence suggesting that

摘要 We survey archaeological evidence suggesting that among hunter gatherers and farmers in Neolithic western Eurasia (11,700 to 5,300 years ago) elevated levels of wealth 不平等 occurred but we…

利用複雜適應系統理論理解公共衛生

摘要 Dealing with uncertainty is a pivotal skill for adaptive decision making across various real life contexts. 認知 models suggest that individuals continuously update their knowledge based on…

摘要 Identifying effective treatments and policies ear

摘要 Identifying effective treatments and policies early in a pandemic is challenging because only limited and noisy data are available and 生物 processes are unknown or uncertain. Consequently,…

環境對衝動和攻擊性影響的證據

摘要 To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental and 經濟 drivers of behavior, a holistic approach encompassing multiple scales of analysis is needed. The current work aims t…

殖民和滅絕滯後導致北半球山區植物群落對暖化的非線性反應

摘要 Global warming is changing plant communities due to the arrival of new 物種 from warmer regions and declining abundance of cold adapted 物種. However, experimentally testing predictions about…

古典馬雅城市興衰的建模：氣候、衝突與經濟

摘要 We show that the notion of critical droplets is central to an understanding of the nature of ground states in the Edwards Anderson Ising模型 of a spin glass in arbitrary dimensions. Given a…

互利共生的演化穩定性

摘要 Recent events exemplified the fragility of national and international supply 網絡s (SNs), leading to significant supply shortages of essential goods, such as food and medicines. Severe disr…

網絡流的多尺度場論

摘要 We numerically investigate a geographical d dimensional (d=1,2,3,4) Bianconi–Barabási like model, characterized by preferential attachment growth mechanisms influenced by Euclidean distan…

量子退相干與經典世界的湧現

摘要 As archaeo遺傳s the study of DNA from (pre )historical samples comes of age, it complements and contrasts historical and archaeological records in novel ways. DNA from victims of the erupti…

一位父親在罕見疾病藥物開發中的奮鬥

摘要 Humans have been able to tackle biosphere complexities by acting as ecosystem engineers, profoundly changing the flows of matter, energy and 資訊. This includes major innovations that allow…

摘要 The microfossil record contains abundant, diverse

摘要 The microfossil record contains abundant, diverse, and well preserved fossils spanning multiple 營養級 levels from primary producers to apex 捕食者s. In addition, microfossils often constitute …

透過部分可重新編譯反編譯自動緩解二進位程式中的漏洞

摘要 漏洞的定位和修復具有挑戰性，特別是當原始程式碼不可用且需要二進位修補時。手動方法非常耗時，需要大量專業知識，並且無法適應新漏洞的發現速度。自動化方法是一種有吸引力的替代方案，我們提出部分可重新編譯反編譯（PRD）來幫助自動化流程。 PRD 將可疑的二進位函數提升到原始程式碼，可用於分析、修訂或審查，並使用原始程式碼和二進位層級的技術建立修補的二進位檔案。儘管反編譯和重新編…

生態系統中的功能冗餘

摘要 One of the primary challenges in metabolic psychiatry is that the disrupted 大腦 functions that underlie psychiatric conditions arise from a complex set of downstream and feedback processes…

高階抗生素組合中的交互作用不影響抗藥性的演化速率

摘要 Motivation: Defective viral 基因組s (DVGs) are variants of the wild type (wt) 病毒 that lack the ability to complete autonomously an infectious cycle. However, in the presence of their parenta…

回覆Izuma和Kakinuma：對話確實使自我認知趨於一致

摘要 The relationship between the 熱力學 and 計算 properties of physical systems has been a major theoretical interest since at least the 19th century. It has also become of increasing practical im…

社會為個體和集體提供功能

摘要 It has been argued that the historical nature of 演化 makes it a highly path dependent process. Under this view, the outcome of 演化ary dynamics could have resulted in organisms with differen…

更多數據如何反而有害：下一代儲備計算中的不穩定性與正則化

摘要 Intrinsically motivated 資訊 seeking is an expression of curiosity believed to be central to human nature. However, most curiosity research relies on small, Western convenience samples. Her…

城市交通系統的韌性分析

摘要 The configuration model is a standard tool for uniformly generating 隨機圖s with a specified degree sequence, and is often used as a null model to evaluate how much of an observed 網絡's struc…

帶電聚集

摘要 我們引入了一個聚集過程，該過程從等濃度的帶正電和帶負電的單體開始。帶相反電荷的單體合併形成中性二聚體。這些二聚體是隨後聚集事件的種子，其中必然具有均勻質量的中性簇不可逆地結合形成尺寸不斷增加的中性聚集體。在具有與質量無關的反應速率的平均場近似中，我們求解了反應動力學，並表明質量為 k 的團簇濃度 ck ( t ) 漸近地縮放為 Ak/t，其中 Ak 對 k 具有非平凡的依…

人工智慧學會推理

摘要 Mitochondrial tRNAs have acquired a diverse portfolio of aberrant structures throughout metazoan 演化. With the availability of more than 12,500 mito基因組 sequences, it is essential to compil…

反向四子棋已被解決

摘要 Realistic credit risk assessment, the estimation of losses due to a debtors failure, is central for maintaining financial stability. Credit risk models focus on the financial conditions o…

摘要 Earth's 森林s are continually monitored by both the

摘要 Earth's 森林s are continually monitored by both the satellite record and the lived experiences of nearly 2 billion 森林 proximate peoples. Generally, the satellite record summarizes productio…

摘要 The density of wood is a key indicator of the car

摘要 The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood densit…

短程自旋玻璃的自由能差漲落

摘要 It is generally believed (but not yet proved) that Ising spin glasses with nearest neighbor interactions have a 相變 in three and higher dimensions to a low temperature spin glass phase, bu…

來自全球變遷實驗的植物性狀與生態數據

摘要 Based on current research, it is evident that the way people see themselves is shaped by their conversation partners. Historically, this literature focuses on how one individual's expecta…

帶有測量噪音的 Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 過程的參數估計

摘要 We investigate the impact of noise on parameter fitting for an Ornstein Uhlenbeck process, focusing on the effects of multiplicative and thermal noise on the accuracy of signal separation…

中生代高溫事件中的級聯滅絕、群落崩潰與恢復

摘要 Mass extinctions are considered to be quintessential examples of Court Jester drivers of macro演化, whereby abiotic pressures drive a suite of extinctions leading to huge ecosystem changes …

摘要 Predicting how ecological communities will respon

摘要 Predicting how ecological communities will respond to dist城市ces is notoriously challenging, especially given the variability in 物種' responses within the same community. Focusing solely on…

基因組演化中的水平基因轉移

摘要 Orsay 病毒 (OrV) is the only known natural 病毒 affecting Caenorhabditis elegans, with minimal impact on the animal's fitness due to its robust innate 免疫 response. This study aimed to underst…

量子計算的錯誤修正

摘要 A long standing question in biology is whether there are common principles that characterize the development of ecological systems (the appearance of a group of taxa), regardless of organ…

摘要 We present a theory of belief dynamics that expla

摘要 We present a theory of belief dynamics that explains the interplay between internal beliefs in people's minds and beliefs of others in their external 社會 environments. The 網絡s of belief th…

計算和化學中的自組織：回歸 AlChemy

摘要 How do complex adaptive systems, such as life, emerge from simple constituent parts? In the 1990s, Walter Fontana and Leo Buss proposed a novel modeling approach to this question, based o…

從適應到探索：利用語言模型增強工作流程推薦

摘要 Conservationists have long argued that inadequate funding for managing protected areas (PAs) jeopardizes their ability to achieve conservation goals. However, this claim has rarely been s…

排斥的擴散：中世紀對猶太人的驅逐

摘要 What 社會 processes guide the spread of ethnic or racial exclusion? I investigate the 擴散 of medieval expulsions of Jews among over 500 polities in the western Holy Roman Empire, 1385 1520 C…

縱向資料集中微生物組成的內插

摘要 人類腸道微生物組對健康有顯著影響，促使在多個時間點捕獲微生物組樣本的縱向研究增加。此類研究使研究人員能夠表徵微生物組隨時間的變化，但重要的是，由於採樣不完整或不規則，也帶來了重大的分析挑戰。為了應對這項挑戰，縱向微生物組研究通常採用各種插值方法，旨在推斷缺失的微生物組數據。然而，迄今為止，仍然缺乏對此類微生物組插值技術的全面評估，以及插值微生物組數據的最佳實踐指南。這項工…

摘要 Tipping points characterize the situation when a

摘要 Tipping points characterize the situation when a system experiences abrupt, rapid, and sometimes irreversible changes in response to only a gradual change in environmental conditions. Giv…

嘈雜的旋轉有利於向日葵的自組織避蔭

摘要 Circumnutations are widespread in plants and typically associated with exploratory movements; however, a quantitative understanding of their role remains elusive. In this study we report,…

摘要 The co演化ary dynamics of lytic 病毒es and microbes w

摘要 The co演化ary dynamics of lytic 病毒es and microbes with CRISPR Cas immunity exhibit alternations between sustained host control of viral proliferation and major viral 流行病學cs in previous 計算 m…

社會物理學：人類行為的統計規律

摘要 Introduction and framework: Sleep capital contributes to individual and societal wellbeing, productivity, and 經濟 outcomes and involves a novel aspect of 大腦 capital. It encompasses the qua…

摘要 Our understanding of the fundamental role that so

摘要 Our understanding of the fundamental role that soil 細菌 play in the structure and functioning of Earth's ecosystems is ever expanding, but insight into the nature of interactions within th…

摘要 The relative and synergistic contributions of 遺傳s

摘要 The relative and synergistic contributions of 遺傳s and environment to interindividual 免疫 response variation remain unclear, despite implications in 演化ary biology and medicine. Here we quan…

摘要 G 蛋白質 coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotr

摘要 G 蛋白質 coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G 蛋白質s by promoting guanine nucleotide exchange. Here, we investigate the coupling of G 蛋白質s with GPCRs and describe the events tha…

意見動態 S 型有限置信模型中極化的出現

摘要 We study a 非線性 bounded confidence model (BCM) of continuous time opinion dynamics on 網絡s with both persuadable individuals and zealots. The model is parameterized by a nonnegative scalar …

保育生物學中的非平衡動力學：尺度、吸引子和臨界點

摘要 Preserving and restoring 生物多樣性 is becoming a great challenge as we face a world where planetary boundaries will likely be crossed over the following decades. Such challenge needs to consi…

清潔能源轉型的社會政治動態

摘要 A rapid and effective transition to low carbon energy production is essential to limit 氣候 change impacts. While the scientific community has mostly focused on research and development and…

摘要 For centuries, national economies have been engag

摘要 For centuries, national economies have been engaging in international trade and production. The resulting international supply 網絡s not only increase wealth for countries, but also allow f…

摘要 1. Both tree size and life history variation driv

摘要 1. Both tree size and life history variation drive 森林 structure and dynamics, but little is known about how life history frequency changes with size. We used a 縮放律 framework to quantify o…

神經科學中的因果關係：維持機制的意義

摘要 A fundamental goal of research in neuroscience is to uncover the causal structure of the 大腦. This focus on causation makes sense, because causal 資訊 can provide explanations of 大腦 function…

摘要 Living in cities affords expanded access to vario

摘要 Living in cities affords expanded access to various resources, infrastructures, and services at reduced travel costs, which improves 社會 life and promotes systemic gains. However, recent r…

西元前 3000 年至西元 2000 年美國西南部低頻夏季溫度重建

摘要 Temperature variability likely played an important role in determining the spread and productive potential of North America's key prehispanic agri文化 staple, maize. The United States South…

西元前 3000 年至西元 2000 年美國西南部低頻夏季溫度重建

摘要 Temperature variability likely played an important role in determining the spread and productive potential of North America’s key prehispanic agri文化 staple, maize. The United States South…

摘要 We propose a theory of 社會 norms (or conventions)

摘要 We propose a theory of 社會 norms (or conventions) that implement substantial levels of 不平等 between men and women, ethnic groups, and classes and that persist over long periods of time desp…

信念動態建模的類比

摘要 Belief dynamics has an important role in shaping our responses to natural and societal phenomena, ranging from 氣候 change and pandemics to immigration and conflicts. Researchers often base…

摘要 The authors' proposal for the 演化ary origins of hi

摘要 The authors' proposal for the 演化ary origins of historical myths does not hold up to scrutiny, as illustrated by a simple 數學 model. Group level explanations, such as defining the condition…

司法暗物質

摘要 Judicial reform efforts aimed at rectifying historical gender and racial inequalities understandably focus on increasing the number of women and people of color on the bench. While this i…

摘要 Large 語言 models (LLMs) now perform extremely well

摘要 Large 語言 models (LLMs) now perform extremely well on many natural 語言 processing tasks. Their ability to convert legal texts to data may offer empirical legal studies (ELS) scholars a low …

摘要 Different theoretical frameworks have been invoke

摘要 Different theoretical frameworks have been invoked to guide the study of 病毒 演化. Three of the more prominent ones are (i) the 演化 of virulence, (ii) life history theory, and (iii) the gener…

摘要 The importance of asymptomatic 傳播 was a key disco

摘要 The importance of asymptomatic 傳播 was a key discovery in our efforts to study and intervene in the COVID 19 pandemic. In Asymptomatic (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2024), Joshua Weitz …

摘要 Molecular and fossil evidence suggests that compl

摘要 Molecular and fossil evidence suggests that complex eukaryotic multicellularity evolved during the late Neoproterozoic era, coincident with Snowball Earth glaciations, where ice sheets co…

神經網絡中的臨界性假說

摘要 不適用；會議摘要：B291/P1280 在美國細胞生物學學會和歐洲分子生物學組織（ASCB/EMBO）聯席會議上提出；馬薩諸塞州波士頓；2023年12月2日至6日；由 Amer Soc Cell Biol 贊助；歐洲分子生物學組織 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

投資組合理論在理論與實踐中的不合理有效性

摘要 Traditionally, 數學 models in 生態學 placed an emphasis on asymptotic, long term dynamics. However, a large number of recent studies highlighted the importance of transient dynamics in ecologi…

心理學家的認知特質差異與科學分歧有關

摘要 Gender segregation across fields of study is a persistent problem in higher education. Although a large body of literature has illustrated both gendered patterns in major choice as well a…

摘要 Environmental influences on 免疫 phenotypes are wel

摘要 Environmental influences on 免疫 phenotypes are well documented, but our understanding of which elements of the environment affect 免疫 systems, and how, remains vague. Behaviors, including 社…

摘要 We present a simple 數學 model that captures the 演化

摘要 We present a simple 數學 model that captures the 演化ary capabilities of a prebiotic compartment or protocell. In the model, the protocell contains an autocatalytic set whose chemical dynamic…

摘要 Human societies are 複雜系統s and as such have tippin

摘要 Human societies are 複雜系統s and as such have tipping points. They can rapidly transit from one mode of operation to another and thereby change the way they function as a whole. Such transit…

太少、太晚——槍枝相關暴力和乾預的動態系統模型

摘要 In the United States the laws regulating the carrying of firearms in public vary state to state. In a highly publicized event, the Governor of New Mexico recently issued an emergency orde…

抗藥性適應性景觀中全球上位性的環境調節

摘要 Interactions between 突變s (epistasis) can add substantial complexity to genotype phenotype maps, hampering our ability to predict 演化. Yet, recent studies have shown that the fitness effect…

摘要 Growth in individual body size amongst different

摘要 Growth in individual body size amongst different 物種 can to a greater or lesser extent depend on environmental factors such as resource availability. Individual growth curves can therefore…

摘要 Real world computers have operational constraints

摘要 Real world computers have operational constraints that cause nonzero 熵 production (EP). In particular, almost all real world computers are 'periodic', iteratively undergoing the same phys…

論入侵共存結果的限制

摘要 自然界生態群落的動態通常以涉及入侵動態的機率過程為特徵。然而，由於技術挑戰，大多數理論和實驗研究都集中在共存動力學上。因此，了解共存結果在多大程度上可用於預測與自然系統相關的類似入侵結果已變得至關重要。在這裡，我們研究幾何和機率 Lotka Volterra 框架下這種可預測性的限制。我們表明，雖然共存動態中的個體生存機率可以相當接近地轉化為入侵動態中的入侵者殖民機率，但…

摘要 It is widely held that studying 經濟s makes you mor

摘要 It is widely held that studying 經濟s makes you more selfish and politically conservative. We use a difference in differences strategy to disentangle the causal impact of 經濟s education from…

崎嶇但易於通行的健身景觀

摘要 適應度景觀 theory predicts that rugged landscapes with multiple peaks impair Darwinian 演化, but experimental evidence is limited. In this study, we used 基因組 editing to map the fitness of 260,00…

反對皮質重組

摘要 Neurological insults, such as congenital blindness, deafness, amputation, and stroke, often result in surprising and impressive behavioural changes. Cortical reorganisation, which refers …

摘要 A hyperdiverse class of pathogens of humans and w

摘要 A hyperdiverse class of pathogens of humans and wildlife, including the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, relies on multigene families to encode antigenic variation. As a result, hi…

摘要 物理學最難的問題是什麼

摘要 物理學最難的問題是什麼？雖然肯定沒有唯一的答案，但幾乎任何人都會同意湍流是一個強有力的競爭者。湍流在宇宙中無所不在，包括廣泛的空間和時間尺度。在三維 (3D) 均勻和各向同性湍流中，能量從大尺度轉移到小尺度，即直接級聯。在二維 (2D) 中，情況正好相反，即逆級聯。由於行星自轉、密度分層和層幾何形狀，地球和天文物理背景中的許多重要流動都是各向異性的。透過改變各向異性的程度…

摘要 Earthquakes are a common occurrence at The Geyser

摘要 Earthquakes are a common occurrence at The Geysers geothermal field in California which, over the years, have led to general land sinking in the area. In our study, we explore the correla…

摘要 Enabling widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoptio

摘要 Enabling widespread electric vehicle (EV) adoption requires a substantial build out of charging infrastructure in the coming decade. We formulate the charging infrastructure needs as a 縮放…

摘要 The growth of complex 族群s, such as microbial comm

摘要 The growth of complex 族群s, such as microbial communities, 森林s, and cities, occurs over vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Although research in different fields has developed de…

摘要 Variational autoencoders and Helmholtz machines u

摘要 Variational autoencoders and Helmholtz machines use a recognition 網絡 (encoder) to approximate the posterior distribution of a generative model (decoder). In this paper we establish some n…

摘要 細菌 commonly adhere to surfaces where they compete

摘要 細菌 commonly adhere to surfaces where they compete for both space and resources. Despite the importance of surface growth, it remains largely elusive how 細菌 evolve on surfaces. We previous…

建立一個包容酷兒和跨性別者的微生物學會議

摘要 Microbiology conferences can be powerful places to build collaborations and exchange ideas, but for queer and transgender (trans) scientists, they can also become sources of alienation an…

摘要 Scientists have grappled with reconciling 生物 演化 w

摘要 Scientists have grappled with reconciling 生物 演化 with the immutable laws of the Universe defined by physics. These laws underpin life's origin, 演化 and the development of human culture and …

推論吸引力：一種通用的性選擇機制，可以隨著時間的推移維持特徵和偏好的變化

摘要 Sexual selection by mate choice is a powerful force that can lead to 演化ary change, and models of why females choose particular mates are central to understanding its effects. Predominant …

極化、催化與穩定：少數規範內部化者如何放大群體選擇與懲罰

摘要 Many mechanisms behind the 演化 of 合作, such as reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, and altruistic punishment, require group knowledge of individual actions. But what keeps people cooperating…

摘要 Identifying 氣候 drivers is essential to understand

摘要 Identifying 氣候 drivers is essential to understand and predict 流行病學cs of mosquito borne infections whose 族群 dynamics typically exhibit seasonality and multiannual cycles. Which 氣候 covariat…

摘要 The COVID 19 pandemic upended daily life and disr

摘要 The COVID 19 pandemic upended daily life and disrupted human activity in 城市 centers all over the world. Stay at home orders emptied 城市 spaces, removing or decreasing stressors on 城市 wildl…

刑事司法中有害歧視的本質、發現與避免

摘要 We provide a selective survey of the literature on discrimination by criminal justice 智能體s, and argue for a taxonomy of harms that differs from conventional approaches. Discrimination can…

摘要 The current study illustrates how an empirical ps

摘要 The current study illustrates how an empirical psychological 網絡 approach can be employed to shed light onto the interplay of risk perception and related psychological variables. In doing …

用一個簡單的舉動拯救母親

摘要 「聞！」在新劇《塞梅爾維斯博士》的開頭，這個奇怪的小個子男人在舞台邊緣大聲喊道。當他走上舞台時，他又重複了幾次——對自己、對觀眾、對其他角色、對任何願意聽的人。這個神秘的聲明是對即將展開的事件的故意預示，觀眾將與這個人一起旅行——很快就被確認為伊格納茲·塞梅爾維斯 (Ignaz Semmelweis)，一位 19 世紀的匈牙利醫生，他的簡單發現最終將永遠改變醫學。 ※ 此…

將實驗室中的認知與現實世界中的認知結合：認知所需的時間、任務保真度以及將它們混合在一起時找到任務

摘要 It is now possible for real life activities, unfolding over their natural range of temporal and spatial scales, to become the primary targets of 認知 studies. Movement toward this type of r…

摘要 Following the COVID 19 pandemic, many people arou

摘要 Following the COVID 19 pandemic, many people around the world stayed home, drastically altering human activity in cities. This exceptional moment provided researchers the opportunity to t…

伊辛鏈：熱導率和傅立葉定律的第一原理驗證

摘要 The thermal conductivity of a d = 1 lattice of ferromagnetically coupled planar rotators is studied through molecular dynamics. Two different types of anisotropies (local and in the coupl…

摘要 serosim is an open source R package designed to a

摘要 serosim is an open source R package designed to aid inference from serological studies, by simulating data arising from user specified vaccine and antibody kinetics processes using a rand…

摘要 Newly formed endosomes mature into early endosome

摘要 Newly formed endosomes mature into early endosomes by shedding one 蛋白質 and acquiring another. Here, the authors describe a trigger and convert mechanism driven by endosomal collisions and…

摘要 Ecologists have long sought to understand how 多樣性

摘要 Ecologists have long sought to understand how 多樣性 and structure mediate the stability of whole ecosystems. For high 多樣性 食物網s, the interactions between 物種 are typically represented using m…

摘要 For strongly chaotic classical systems, a basic 統

摘要 For strongly chaotic classical systems, a basic 統計 mechanical connection is provided by the averaged Pesin like identity (the production rate of the Boltzmann Gibbs 熵 SBG = ∑i=1Wpi lnpi e…

熱帶地區創傷弧菌臨床感染的氣象關聯：與氣壓、風速和溫度的相關性

摘要 作者摘要V.創傷弧菌是世界上最致命的水傳播病原體之一。它是一種在水生環境中傳播的細菌，會引起嚴重的人類感染，通常會導致死亡。儘管創傷弧菌最近引起了公共衛生部門的關注，但人們對導致其爆發的環境力量卻知之甚少。在這項研究中，我們使用佛羅裡達州衛生部的創傷弧菌病例數據以及美國國家海洋和大氣管理局 (NOAA) 的數據來確定與創傷弧菌病例和死亡相關的氣象因素。我們發現氣溫和水溫升…

摘要 Even when environments deteriorate gradually, eco

摘要 Even when environments deteriorate gradually, ecosystems may shift abruptly from one state to another. Such catas營養級 shifts are difficult to predict and sometimes to reverse (so called hy…

摘要 Humans regularly solve complex problems in cooper

摘要 Humans regularly solve complex problems in cooperative teams. A wide range of mechanisms have been identified that improve the quality of solutions achieved by those teams on reaching con…

摘要 Continuing the centuries long exchange between 經濟

摘要 Continuing the centuries long exchange between 經濟s and biology, our model of reproductive skew is an 適應 of the principal–智能體 relationship between an employer and an employee. Inspired by …

雜色黑蟲的採集生物物理學

摘要 概要 許多生物表現出收集和收集行為作為覓食和生存方法。底棲大型無脊椎動物由於收集顆粒物質而被歸類為收集者。其中，水生寡毛動物 Lumbriculus variegatus（加州黑蟲）表現出攝取有機和無機材料（包括微塑膠）的能力。然而，早期的研究僅定性地描述了它們對此類材料的收集行為。黑蟲將離散顆粒整合成更大團塊的機制尚未被定量研究。在這項研究中，我們分析了一個大型場所中含…

南西伯利亞游牧民族的繼承與不平等

摘要 At the headwaters of the Yenisei River in Tuva and northern Mongolia, nomadic pastoralists move between camps in a seasonal rotation that facilitates their animals' access to high quality…

預測藥物對人類生物群落影響的數據驅動方法

摘要 Drugs can impact the gut microbiome. Here, Algavi and Borenstein developed a machine learning framework that successfully predicts the impact of thousands of drugs on hundreds of gut micr…

摘要 Dependencies in the global food production 網絡 can

摘要 Dependencies in the global food production 網絡 can lead to shortages in numerous regions, as demonstrated by the impacts of the Russia Ukraine conflict on global food supplies. Here we rev…

調動概念空間：詞嵌入模型如何為組織科學中的測量和理論提供信息

摘要 Word embedding models are a powerful approach for representing the multidimensional conceptual spaces within which communicated concepts relate, combine, and compete with one another. Thi…

延遲折現的個別差異與兒童、青少年和成人的背側前額葉皮質連結有關

摘要 Delay discounting is a measure of impulsive choice relevant in adolescence as it predicts many real life outcomes, including obesity and academic achievement. However, resting state funct…

偵測 Twitter 上指定實體和主題標籤的政治偏見

摘要 Ideological divisions in the United States have become increasingly prominent in daily communication. Accordingly, there has been much research on political polarization, including many r…

摘要 我們調查了對標有 BlackLivesMatter 和 AllLivesMatter 標籤的推文的

摘要 我們調查了對標有 BlackLivesMatter 和 AllLivesMatter 標籤的推文的看法，以及這些標籤的存在或不存在如何改變了美國參與者對推文的含義和隨後的解釋。我們發現黨派之爭對推文的看法有很大影響，政治左翼的參與者更有可能將 AllLivesMatter推文視為種族主義和攻擊性的，而政治右翼的參與者更有可能將 BlackLivesMatter推文視為種族…

摘要 Life history, the schedule of when and how fast o

摘要 Life history, the schedule of when and how fast organisms grow, die and reproduce, is a critical axis along which 物種 differ from each other. In parallel, competition is a fundamental mech…

單射分裂系統

摘要 有限集 X 上的分裂系統 S， X = 3，是 X 的二分或分割集，其中包含 {x, X {x}}, x e X 形式的所有分割。對於任何這樣的分割系統 S，我們可以將 Buneman 圖 B(S) 關聯起來，它本質上是一個帶有葉集 X 的中位數圖，顯示 S 中的分割。在本文中，我們考慮單射分割系統的屬性，即分割系統 S 具有 med(B(S))(Y) ? med(B(S…

透過求解限制勢的反問題找到的 Gross-Pitaevskii 方程式的均勻密度玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚

摘要 在這項工作中，我們研究了限制勢中 Gross Pitaevskii 方程式 (GPE) 的恆定密度（平頂）解的存在性和穩定性。這些是透過使用「反問題」方法建構的，該方法對應於識別限制電位，使平頂波形成為 GPE 的精確解。在一維情況下，精確解是穩態扭結解和反扭結解總和，在重疊區域中，密度是恆定的。在較高的空間維度中，精確解是此波函數的推廣。在沒有自相互作用的情況下，限制勢…

摘要 BackgroundIdentifying the locations of gene break

摘要 BackgroundIdentifying the locations of gene breakpoints between 物種 of different taxonomic groups can provide useful insights into the underlying 演化ary processes. Given the exact locations…

摘要 Earth's biosphere is undergoing drastic reorganiz

摘要 Earth's biosphere is undergoing drastic reorganization due to the sixth mass extinction brought on by the Anthropocene. Impacts of local and regional extirpation of 物種 have been demonstra…

COVID-19 對美國大城市的影響不成比例

摘要 COVID 19 has disproportionately impacted individuals depending on where they live and work, and based on their race, ethnicity, and socio經濟 status. Studies have documented catas營養級 dispar…

摘要 認知 scientists have focused too narrowly on the ac

摘要 認知 scientists have focused too narrowly on the acquisition of data and on the methods to extract patterns from those data. We argue that a successful science of the mind requires widening…

摘要 Mistranslation the erroneous incorporation of ami

摘要 Mistranslation the erroneous incorporation of amino acids into nascent 蛋白質s is a source of 蛋白質 variation that is orders of magnitude more frequent than DNA 突變. Like other sources of non遺傳…

槓桿動態與財富信念分配

摘要 經濟體中藉貸的規模和條件取決於財富在對未來抱持不同信念的潛在債權人之間分配的方式。隨著不確定性的解決，這種分佈會隨著時間的推移而變化，如果貸款全額償還，則有利於樂觀者；如果存在廣泛的違約，則有利於悲觀者。我們在擁有兩種資產（風險債券和無風險現金）的經濟體中對此過程進行建模。在一段時間內，考慮到不同信仰類型的財富繼承分配，借貸的規模和條件是內生決定的。在良好的狀態下，總借貸…

範圍控制隨機遊走

摘要 我們引入了範圍控制的隨機遊走，其跳躍率取決於範圍 N，即之前訪問過的不同站點的總數。我們分析具有跳躍率 Na 的單參數類模型，並確定平均範圍的大時間行為，以及其在兩種極限情況下的完整分佈。我們發現，行為會發生巨大變化，取決於指數 a 是否小於、等於或大於臨界值 ad，僅取決於空間維度 d。當a 廣告時，覓食者會在有限的時間內覆蓋無限的格子。當 d = 2 時，臨界指數為 …

2013-2017年奧地利糖尿病發生率趨勢

摘要 This study aims to quantify whether age and sex groups in Austrian regions are equally affected by the rise of type 2 diabetes. 族群 wide medical claims data was obtained for citizens in Au…

摘要 The causes of 生物多樣性 change are of great scientifi

摘要 The causes of 生物多樣性 change are of great scientific interest and central to policy efforts aimed at meeting 生物多樣性 targets. Changes in 物種 多樣性 and high rates of compositional turnover have b…

摘要 The averaged steady state surprisal links a drive

摘要 The averaged steady state surprisal links a driven 隨機 system's 資訊 processing to its nonequi librium 熱力學 response. By explicitly accounting for the effects of nonequilibrium steady states,…

摘要 The global pandemic of COVID 19 has underlined th

摘要 The global pandemic of COVID 19 has underlined the need for more coordinated responses to emergent pathogens. These responses need to balance 流行病學c control in ways that concomitantly mini…

人類和其他哺乳動物的生殖不平等

摘要 To address claims of human exceptionalism, we determine where humans fit within the greater mammalian distribution of reproductive 不平等. We show that humans exhibit lower reproductive skew…

摘要 To inform the development of global wastewater mo

摘要 To inform the development of global wastewater monitoring systems, we surveyed programmes in 43 countries. Most programmes monitored predominantly 城市 族群s. In high income countries (HICs),…

使用虛擬實境研究和獲取運動專業知識

摘要 經過短短幾個月的模擬訓練，2019 年 1 月 19 日，23 歲的電競職業玩家 Enzo Bonito 走上賽道，擊敗了擁有數十年現實賽車經驗的電動方程式賽車手和前一級方程式賽車手盧卡斯·迪·格拉西 (Lucas di Grassi)。這一事件提出了一種可能性，即在虛擬實境中進行練習對於獲得現實世界任務中的運動專業知識可能非常有效。在這裡，我們評估了虛擬實境作為高度複雜…

摘要 A renewal approach to configurational 熵 in one di

摘要 A renewal approach to configurational 熵 in one dimensionWe introduce a novel approach, inspired from the theory of renewal processes, to determine the configurational 熵 of ensembles of co…

摘要 Identifying novel topological properties of topol

摘要 Identifying novel topological properties of topological 量子 states of matter, such as exemplified by the quantized Hall conductance, is a valuable step towards realizing materials with att…

摘要 Sensory systems appear to learn to transform inco

摘要 Sensory systems appear to learn to transform incoming sensory 資訊 into perceptual representations, or "objects," that can inform and guide behavior with minimal explicit supervision. Here,…

週期系統收斂到最終結構的六個階段

摘要 The periodic system encodes order and similarity among chemical elements arising from known substances at a given time that constitute the chemical space. Although the system has incorpor…

返回移民對墨西哥城市就業和工資的影響

摘要 從美國返回墨西哥的移民對當地工人有何影響？返回的移民增加了當地的勞動力供應，可能會傷害當地工人。然而，由於接觸了更先進的美國經濟，他們也可能擁有有利於非移民的人力資本。使用基於非自願返回移民的工具，我們發現，雖然與返回者從事相同職業的工人的工資有所下降，但從事其他職業的工人的工資卻有所上升。然而，這些影響是暫時的，並且僅限於接收海歸的城市工業。相較之下，海歸透過提高僱用他…

摘要 The Boltzmann Gibbs von Neumann Shannon additive

摘要 The Boltzmann Gibbs von Neumann Shannon additive 熵 SBG = k a i pi ln pi as well as its continuous and 量子 counterparts, constitute the grounding concept on which the BG 統計 mechanics is con…

生物學家建立定量自信的挑戰與機遇

摘要 生物學課程的新研究生可能缺乏研究和職業生涯所需的定量技能。這些技能的獲得可能會受到教學和指導經驗的阻礙，這些經驗會降低而不是提高學生對其學習和應用定量方法能力的信心。在這篇評論文章中，我們認為修改教學經驗以確保增強學生的信心和定量技能可能會改善教育成果和職業成功。一些研究表明，在教學環境中明確解決生產性失敗並確保有效的指導可能是同時提高定量自我效能和定量技能的最有效途徑。…

Led-Seq：基於連接增強雙端序列的 RNA 結構分析

摘要 RNA 的結構分析是研究此類分子在細胞內和體外功能的重要且通用的工具。有幾種強大且可靠的程序可供使用，這些程序依賴於在逆轉錄過程中誘導 RT 終止或核苷酸錯誤摻入的化學修飾。其他則基於裂解反應和 RT 終止訊號。然而，這些方法僅解決 RT 終止或錯誤摻入位置的一側。在這裡，我們描述了 Led Seq，這是一種基於鉛誘導不配對 RNA 位置裂解的新方法，其中對兩種產生的裂解…

摘要 Due to the second principle of 熱力學s, the time dep

摘要 Due to the second principle of 熱力學s, the time dependence of 熵 for all kinds of systems under all kinds of physical circumstances always thrives interest. The logistic map …+1= 1 …2 …& ISI…

Riesz 氣體的動態漲落

摘要 我們考慮直線上的無限粒子系統，執行相同的布朗運動並透過 x y s Riesz 勢相互作用，導致粒子的過阻尼運動。我們研究積分電流的波動和標記粒子的位置。我們證明，對於 0 < s < 1，兩個量的標準差 s 都隨著 t 2(1+s) 增長。當 s 1 時，交互作用實際上是短程的，並且出現普遍的 1 次擴散 t 4 增長，其幅度僅取決於指數 s。我們還表明，標記粒子位置的…

密度泛函理論中 Rashba-Edelstein 效應的類比

摘要 自旋電子學中結構 性能關係的研究對於設計可在裝置中發揮特定作用的材料至關重要。例如，低對稱性材料允許非常規的電荷 自旋轉換配置，這可用於產生有效的自旋軌道扭矩。在這裡，我們探討了晶體對稱性與 Rashba Edelstein 效應 (REE) 幾何形狀之間的關係，該效應會響應施加的電流而導致自旋累積。基於對 230 個晶體空間群的對稱性分析，我們確定了可以容納傳統或共線 …

摘要 城市 areas often impose strong, novel selection pre

摘要 城市 areas often impose strong, novel selection pressures on wildlife. Phenotypic plasticity, including behavioural plasticity, is an important mechanism helping organisms establish 族群s in …

全球各國特有植物群威脅評估的不足

摘要 Plants are fundamental to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and are key to human livelihoods. To protect plant 多樣性, systematic approaches to conservation assessment are needed. Many nati…

一維幹擾與亞穩態：從動力學限制的伊辛鏈到裡維埃拉模型

摘要 The Ising chain with kinetic constraints provides many examples of totally irreversible zero temperature dynamics leading to metastability with an exponentially large number of 吸引子s. In m…

COVID-19 加劇了美國刑事法律體系中的種族差異

摘要 The criminal legal system in the USA drives an incarceration rate that is the highest on the planet, with disparities by class and race among its signature features(1 3). During the first…

透過貝葉斯決策分析進行以病人為中心的心臟衰竭裝置臨床試驗設計

摘要 BackgroundThe 統計 significance of clinical trial outcomes is generally interpreted quantitatively according to the same threshold of 2.5% (in one sided tests) to control the false positive…

摘要 Understanding the factors that shape viral 演化 is

摘要 Understanding the factors that shape viral 演化 is critical for developing effective antiviral strategies, accurately predicting viral 演化, and preventing pandemics. One fundamental determin…

代謝相容性和原核生物內共生的稀有性

摘要 The 演化 of the mitochondria was a significant event that gave rise to the eukaryotic lineage and most large complex life. Central to the origins of the mitochondria was an endo共生 between p…

摘要 Complex phenomena are made possible when: (i) fun

摘要 Complex phenomena are made possible when: (i) fundamental physical symmetries are broken and (ii) from the set of broken symmetries historically selected ground states are applied to perf…

摘要 Identifying novel drug target interactions is a c

摘要 Identifying novel drug target interactions is a critical and rate limiting step in drug discovery. While 深度學習 models have been proposed to accelerate the identification process, here we s…

孤獨的人以獨特的方式處理世界

摘要 Loneliness is detrimental to well being and is often accompanied by self reported feelings of not being understood by other people. What contributes to such feelings in lonely people? We …

估計美國未被發現的 COVID-19 出現情況

摘要 As SARS CoV 2 emerged as a global threat in early 2020, China enacted rapid and strict lockdown orders to prevent introductions and suppress 傳播. In contrast, the United States federal gov…

隨機遞歸超圖

摘要 隨機遞歸超圖（RRH）透過在每一步添加一個頂點和一條邊來增長，該邊是透過將新頂點連接到隨機選擇的現有邊而形成的。該模型是無參數的，新興超圖的幾個特徵允許透過調和數、伯努利數、歐拉數和第一類斯特林數進行簡潔的表達。 RRH 的自然變形產生了令人著迷的隨機超圖成長模型。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

顯微鏡下的神經元活動在癲癇發作的宏觀尺度上共同驅動混亂和僵化的動態

摘要 Neuronal activity propagates through the 網絡 during seizures, engaging 大腦 dynamics at multiple scales. Such propagating events can be described through the avalanches framework, which can …

人工智慧中的抽象與類比

摘要 形成概念和抽像以及進行類比的能力是人類智慧的關鍵，但人工智慧系統要在這些領域與人類的能力相符還有很長的路要走。為了開發能夠抽象和類比的機器，研究人員通常專注於理想化的問題領域，這些問題領域旨在捕捉人類抽象能力的本質，而不必處理現實世界情況的複雜性。這篇評論描述了為什麼人工智慧系統解決這些領域的問題仍然很困難，並討論了人工智慧研究如何在賦予機器這些基本能力方面取得進展。 ※…

合成非生化原始細胞之間的競爭排斥原理

摘要 Essential for Darwin's "struggle for existence," the competitive exclusion principle (CEP) states that any "two 物種 occupying the same niche will compete with each other to the detriment o…

摘要 The 重整化 group is a set of tools that can be used

摘要 The 重整化 group is a set of tools that can be used to incorporate the effect of fluctuations in a dynamical system as a re縮放律 of the system's parameters. Here, we apply the 重整化 group to a p…

非成癮熵的醫學應用

摘要 The Boltzmann–Gibbs additive 熵 SBG = −k ∑i pi In pi and associated 統計 mechanics were generalized in 1988 into nonadditive 熵 Sq = k 1−∑ipqi /q−1 and nonextensive 統計 mechanics, respectively…

青少年內在活動的發展沿著感覺運動關聯皮質軸展開

摘要 神經發育的動物研究表明，隨著可塑性下降和皮質成熟，內在皮質活動的記錄從同步和高振幅演變為稀疏和低振幅。利用 1,033 名青少年（8 23 歲）的靜息態功能 MRI (fMRI) 數據，我們發現這種內在活動的刻板細化發生在人類發育過程中，並為神經發育變化的皮質梯度提供了證據。內在功能性磁振造影活動幅度的下降是跨區域異時啟動的，並且與皮質內髓磷脂（一種發育可塑性調節劑）的成…

摘要 Modern society relies on many interdependent 網絡s

摘要 Modern society relies on many interdependent 網絡s such as electric grids, supply chain 網絡s and ecological 網絡s. This Perspective describes progress and challenges in harnessing insights fro…

研究內容和背景的令人驚訝的組合與影響有關，並與來自遙遠學科的科學局外人一起出現

摘要 我們研究科學與技術的影響力與令人驚訝的突破之間的關聯程度，以及這些突破是如何產生的。識別科學和技術領域的突破需要能夠區分令人驚訝的大規模進步和預期的大規模進步的模型。我們利用生命科學、物理科學和專利發明領域的數千萬篇研究論文和專利，並使用超圖模型來預測研究內容（文章關鍵字）和上下文（被引用期刊）的實際組合，在此我們表明，內容和上下文的意外組合所帶來的驚喜可以預測巨大的影響…

摘要 We survey a current, heated debate in the 人工智慧 (A

摘要 We survey a current, heated debate in the 人工智慧 (AI) research community on whether large pretrained 語言 models can be said to understand 語言 and the physical and 社會 situations 語言 encodes in …

社區聯盟努力預防兒童肥胖：Shape Up Under 5 研究的兩年結果

摘要 Background: Cross sector collaborations and coalitions are promising approaches for childhood obesity prevention, yet there is little empirical evidence about how they affect change. We h…

摘要 We introduce a particular 非線性 generalization of 量

摘要 We introduce a particular 非線性 generalization of 量子 mechanics which has the property that it is exactly solvable in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of the us…

股票與加密貨幣：抗脆弱還是穩健？股票和加密貨幣市場的一種新穎的反脆弱性衡量標準

摘要 In contrast with robust systems that resist noise or fragile systems that break with noise, antifragility is defined as a property of 複雜系統s that benefit from noise or disorder. Here we de…

摘要 The 基因組s of 海洋 microbes can be shaped by nutrient

摘要 The 基因組s of 海洋 microbes can be shaped by nutrient cycles, with ocean scale gradients in nitrogen availability being known to influence microbial amino acid usage. It is unclear, however, …

摘要 We first derive the Hamilton Jacobi theory underl

摘要 We first derive the Hamilton Jacobi theory underlying continuous time 馬可夫 processes, and then we use the construction to develop a variational algorithm for estimating escape (least impro…

摘要 Sudden changes in 族群s are ubiquitous in ecologica

摘要 Sudden changes in 族群s are ubiquitous in ecological systems, especially under perturbations. The 智能體s of global change may increase the frequency and severity of anthropogenic perturbation…

化學控制的 Cas9 開關可實現不同效應器的時間調製

摘要 CRISPR Cas9 已經產生了大量的效應子，包括標靶轉錄活化子、鹼基編輯器和初等編輯器。目前誘導調節 Cas9 活性的方法缺乏時間精度，需要廣泛的篩選和最佳化。我們描述了一種多功能、化學控制且快速激活的單組分 DNA 結合 Cas9 開關 ciCas9，我們用它來賦予對七個 Cas9 效應器的時間控制，包括兩個胞苷鹼基編輯器、兩個腺嘌呤鹼基編輯器、一個雙鹼基編輯器、一…

轉彎之間的距離過長對於陌生人來說會很尷尬，但對朋友來說則不然

摘要 當人們感到有聯繫時，他們往往會在對話中快速做出反應，從而在對話之間創造較短的間隙。但長時間的差距是否就一定是事情出了差錯的跡象？我們分析了陌生人之間和朋友之間的對話中長間隔（大於 2 秒）的頻率和影響。正如所預料的那樣，長時間的間隔意味著陌生人之間的疏遠。然而，朋友之間的長期隔閡標誌著聯繫增加的時刻，而且朋友之間的聯繫往往會更多。這些連結上的差異也被獨立的評估者所察覺：只…

摘要 Human 癌症s comprise an heterogeneous array of 疾病s

摘要 Human 癌症s comprise an heterogeneous array of 疾病s with different progression patterns and responses to therapy. However, they all develop within a host context that constrains their natura…

摘要 A fixed one sided significance level of 5% is com

摘要 A fixed one sided significance level of 5% is commonly used to interpret the 統計 significance of randomized clinical trial (RCT) outcomes. While it is necessary to reduce the false positiv…

時間依賴性分區系統的池動力學及其在陸地碳循環的應用

摘要 房室模型在描述涉及不同類型池之間的質量運動的系統動力學方面發揮著重要作用。我們開發了一種理論來分析具有時間依賴性（即非自主）傳輸速率的線性區室系統中不同池中質量的平均年齡，其中涉及表徵粒子在特定池中花費的平均時間的傳輸時間。我們應用我們的理論結果來研究九維分區系統，池之間具有時間依賴性通量，模擬碳循環，這是卡內基 艾姆斯 史丹佛方法模型的修改。了解傳輸時間和平均年齡可以將…

摘要 We develop a conceptual framework for studying co

摘要 We develop a conceptual framework for studying collective 適應 in complex socio 認知 systems, driven by dynamic interactions of 社會 integration strategies, 社會 environments and problem structur…

摘要 Though well established in mammals, the 認知 map hy

摘要 Though well established in mammals, the 認知 map hypothesis has engendered a decades long, ongoing debate in insect navigation studies involving many of the field's most prominent researche…

摘要 Epi遺傳 regulatory mechanisms allow multicellular o

摘要 Epi遺傳 regulatory mechanisms allow multicellular organisms to develop distinct specialized cell identities despite having the same total 基因組. Cell fate choices are based on gene expression…

青少年自上而下的皮質傳播的發展

摘要 Hierarchical processing requires activity propagating between higher and lower order cortical areas. How ever, functional neuroimaging studies have chiefly quantified fluctuations within …

太陽能自給自足的最佳存儲

摘要 We determine the energy storage needed to achieve self sufficiency to a given reliability as a function of excess capacity in a combined solar energy generation and storage system. Based …

耗散和保守動力系統中的非廣泛足跡

摘要 Despite its centennial successes in describing physical systems at thermal equilibrium, Boltzmann Gibbs (BG) 統計 mechanics have exhibited, in the last several decades, several flaws in add…

網路討論中的群體威脅、政治極端和集體動態

摘要 Collectives adapt their 網絡 structure to the challenges they face. It has been hypothesized that collectives experiencing a real or imagined threat from an outgroup tend to consolidate beh…

應對社會挑戰的決策劇場三角－案例與研究需求

摘要 Tackling societal challenges relating to 永續 requires both an understanding of the underlying complex socio ecological systems and participation of scientists as well as relevant stakehold…

聯合國環境大會指南與國家研究優先事項的協調一致

摘要 This study analyzes the alignment between (1) the scientific publications generated within a nation state, and (2) the United Nations resolutions on 氣候 change research and sustainable dev…

糟糕科學的自然選擇的複製

摘要 本研究報告了 Smaldino 和 McElreath 提出的研究結果的獨立重複（Smaldino, McElreath 2016 R. Soc. Open Sci. 3, 160384 ()）。複製成功，但有一個例外。我們發現，作用於科學家複製頻率傾向的選擇導致了一段短暫的旺盛複製期，而原始論文中由於編碼錯誤而未觀察到這一點。然而，這種差異並沒有改變作者最初的結論。我們…

準最佳配對圖

摘要 Quasi best match graphs (qBMGs) are a hereditary class of directed, properly vertex colored graphs. They arise naturally in 數學 系統發育s as a generalization of best match graphs, which formal…

摘要 The question of whether earthquake occurrence is

摘要 The question of whether earthquake occurrence is random in time, or perhaps chaotic with order hidden in the 混沌, is of major importance to the determination of risk from these events. It …

用於薩胡爾初始人口的定向監督元胞自動機

摘要 利用人口和旅行成本模型，重建了智人在非洲和全球擴張的模式。然而，建模路線本身就受到遷移率的影響，反之亦然。我們將運動「高速公路」與人口元胞自動機結合起來，預測了世界上最早的人類活動之一——75,000 至 50,000 年前的薩胡爾事件。高速公路加權模型的新結果包括：(i) 與基於定向無監督模型（ 5000 年）的預測大陸飽和時間（ 10,000 年）相比，預測的大陸飽和…

摘要 Most models of 複雜系統s have been homogeneous, i.e.,

摘要 Most models of 複雜系統s have been homogeneous, i.e., all elements have the same properties (spatial, temporal, structural, functional). However, most natural systems are heterogeneous: few e…

摘要 The vulnerability of supply chains and their role

摘要 The vulnerability of supply chains and their role in the propagation of shocks has been highlighted multiple times in recent years, including by the recent pandemic. However, while the im…

摘要 The space of possible human cultures is vast, but

摘要 The space of possible human cultures is vast, but some 文化 configurations are more consistent with 認知 and 社會 constraints than others. This leads to a "landscape" of possibilities that our …

摘要 Reconstructing state space dynamics from scalar d

摘要 Reconstructing state space dynamics from scalar data using time delay embedding requires choosing values for the delay r and the dimension m. Both parameters are critical to the success o…

摘要 Homophily, the tendency of humans to attract each

摘要 Homophily, the tendency of humans to attract each other when sharing similar features, traits, or opinions, has been identified as one of the main driving forces behind the formation of s…

千兆赫亞蘭道爾動量計算

摘要 We introduce a fast and highly efficient physically realizable bit swap. Employing readily available and scalable Josephson junction microtechnology, the design implements the recently in…

世界鄉村社會的流動性與親屬關係

摘要 Around 10,000 y ago in southwest Asia, the cessation of a mobile lifestyle and the 湧現 of the first village communities during the Neolithic marked a fundamental change in human history. T…

摘要 The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized the fu

摘要 The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized the fundamental role of 複雜系統s in the natural sciences. In order to celebrate this milestone, this editorial presents the point of view of the ed…

摘要 病毒es are obligate intracellular parasites that ha

摘要 病毒es are obligate intracellular parasites that have co evolved with their hosts to establish an intricate 網絡 of 蛋白質–蛋白質 interactions. Here, we followed a high throughput yeast two hybrid …

摘要 Land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater p

摘要 Land subsidence caused by excessive groundwater pumping in Central Valley, California, is a major issue that has several negative impacts such as reduced aquifer storage and damaged infra…

摘要 Our understanding of the 細菌l cell cycle is framed

摘要 Our understanding of the 細菌l cell cycle is framed largely by 族群 based experiments that focus on the behavior of idealized average cells. Most famously, the contributions of Cooper and Hel…

預測狀態的拓樸、收斂與重建

摘要 Predictive equivalence in discrete 隨機 processes has been applied with great success to identify randomness and structure in 統計 physics and chaotic dynamical systems and to inferring hidde…

摘要 Mindful attention is characterized by acknowledgi

摘要 Mindful attention is characterized by acknowledging the present experience as a transient mental event. Early stages of mindfulness practice may require greater 神經 effort for later effici…

摘要 Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increa

摘要 Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasingly recognized codiagnosis in patients with 癌症. Objectives: This study aimed to provide a robust and contemporary estimate on the copre…

摘要 Microbiome engineering offers the potential to le

摘要 Microbiome engineering offers the potential to leverage microbial communities to improve outcomes in human health, agriculture, and 氣候. To translate this potential into reality, it is cru…

行為機制設計

摘要 The authors make a convincing case that behavioral scientists have mistakenly focused on improving individual decision making and in so doing have deflected attention from necessary chang…

擴大命運共同體的基礎

摘要 We develop a representation of markets, states, and civil society as aspects of institutions and policies that might provide the foundations of the expanded community of fate proposed by …

摘要 After the publication of our paper “Frequency bas

摘要 After the publication of our paper “Frequency based 大腦 網絡s: From a multiplex framework to a full multilayer description” ( we discovered a labeling error in the main text when we refer to…

人工生命的出現

摘要 Even when concepts similar to 湧現 have been used since antiquity, we lack an agreed definition. However, 湧現 has been identified as one of the main features of 複雜系統s. Most would agree on th…

摘要 How do the morphologies of organisms affect their

摘要 How do the morphologies of organisms affect their physical interactions with the environment and other organisms? My research in 海洋 systems couples field studies of the physical habitats,…

技術即思想，思想即技術

摘要 I would like to suggest that the most general definition of a technology is the combination of a set of rules with a system of rigid constraints whose degrees of freedom perform useful wo…

摘要 Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism by which indi

摘要 Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism by which individuals cooperate with those who have cooperated with others. This creates a regime in which repeated interactions are not necessary to in…

資料的拓撲

摘要 A wealth of complex data is increasingly available in almost every aspect of the physical and 社會 world. Such copious data offer the potential to help unlock new ways of understanding and …

線上認證可以改善就業市場結果嗎？來自印度 IT 技能認證平台的證據

摘要 我們使用斷點回歸設計來估計印度工程畢業生線上技能認證的回報。我們資料集中的個人參加電腦程式設計考試，並且需要得分高於閾值才能獲得印度線上工作技能認證平台提供的廣泛使用的軟體工程師 IT 服務證書。我們發現，經過認證的考生在考試後找到工作的機率大約高出 0.25。我們的結果表明，在這種情況下，技能認證是一種強烈的一次性品質訊號。然而，認證不能取代教育，也無法預測長期的就業市…

摘要 Agglomeration is the tell tale sign of cities and

摘要 Agglomeration is the tell tale sign of cities and 城市ization. Identifying and measuring agglomeration economies has been achieved by a variety of means and by various disciplines, includin…

摘要 Patients with multiple sclerosis consistently sho

摘要 Patients with multiple sclerosis consistently show widespread changes in functional connectivity. Yet, alterations are heterogeneous across studies, underscoring the complexity of functio…

數位人文主義：現在是時候了

摘要 數位人文主義強調人、社會、自然和機器之間的複雜關係。它已被越來越多的個人和團體所接受，他們正在製定可能改變當前範式的方向。在這裡，我們將重點放在《維也納宣言》所提出的倡議。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

摘要 The 演化 of diverse phenotypes both involves and is

摘要 The 演化 of diverse phenotypes both involves and is constrained by molecular interaction 網絡s. When these 網絡s influence patterns of expression, we refer to them as gene regulatory 網絡s (GRNs)…

原子圖比較

摘要 從離析物/產物對計算可靠的、化學上正確的原子圖已被證明是化學資訊學中的一個難題，因為化學上正確的解決方案不一定是組合公式（例如最大公共子圖問題）的最佳解決方案。因此，在廣泛的基準研究中設計並比較了競爭模型。然而，由於產物和離析物之間的同構性，當給定離析物/產物對的兩個原子圖相同時，這並不是立即顯而易見的。我們在這裡形式化了原子圖的等價性，並證明原子圖的等價性又等價於標記輔…

摘要 Data from nearly 1000 物種 reveal the upper bound t

摘要 Data from nearly 1000 物種 reveal the upper bound to rates of biomass production achievable by 自然選擇 across the Tree of Life. For heterotrophs, maximum growth rates scale positively with org…

盒子中非彈性氣體的能量分佈受冪律支配 - 樣本空間縮減過程框架中的推導

摘要 We use the framework of sample space reducing (SSR) processes as an alternative to Boltzmann equation based approaches to derive the energy and velocity distribution functions of an inela…

大學生自我報告的身體活動、睡眠和幸福感之間的人內時間關聯

摘要 Objective: A holistic understanding of the naturalistic dynamics among physical activity, sleep, emotions, and purpose in life as part of a system reflecting wellness is key to promoting …

同源最大化與同源最小化/尋找阿爾泰語詞源的“黃金中間”

摘要 文章對比較阿爾泰語言學領域的現狀進行了簡要評價，認為過去15年來相對缺乏進展的主要原因是該假設的支持者和反對者分別採取了「同源最大化」和「同源最小化」相互衝突的對立策略，這兩種策略都無法充分解決問題的複雜性。有人建議，為了進一步推進阿爾泰假說，必須制定一個“黃金中間策略”，而實現這一目標的步驟之一可以是採用名稱學重建方法，該方法除了語音對應的規律性之外，更加強調潛在同源詞…

摘要 Although natural 族群s are typically subjected to m

摘要 Although natural 族群s are typically subjected to multiple stressors, most past research has focused on single stressor and two stressor interactions, with little attention paid to higher o…

區域科學能力建構的無規模成長解釋了長期的科學主導地位

摘要 The regional capability of performing front running research and technological development has been identified as a necessary condition for future wealth creation. The quality and amount …

作者建議的審查者對稿件的評價要好得多：PLOS ONE 神經科學部分的橫斷面分析

摘要 同儕審查是科學的重要組成部分，旨在對稿件提供專家和客觀的評估。由於時間限制、獨特的專業知識需求和尊重等多種因素，許多期刊要求作者為自己的稿件推薦同儕審查員。先前的研究人員發現這種做法會產生不同的影響，但由於樣本量的原因，這些影響可能尚無定論。在本文中，我們使用 PLOS ONE 期刊神經科學部分的 46K 作者和 21K 審稿人的近 8K 篇手稿的大型數據集，分析了作者推…

摘要 Introduction: The research goal of this study is

摘要 Introduction: The research goal of this study is to explore why misimplementation occurs in public health agencies and how it can be reduced. Misimplementation is ending effective activit…

低收入和中等收入國家 (LMIC) 出現 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron 變種的風險

摘要 We estimated the probability of undetected 湧現 of the SARS CoV 2 Omicron variant in 25 low and middle income countries (LMICs) prior to December 5, 2021. In nine countries, the risk exceed…

摘要 氣候 change and its consequences such as sea level

摘要 氣候 change and its consequences such as sea level rise will modify environmental gradients, altering the spatial spread and persistence of plant 族群s. However, ecosystem engineers can also …

摘要 神經 circuits in the periphery of the visual, audit

摘要 神經 circuits in the periphery of the visual, auditory, and olfactory systems are believed to use limited resources efficiently to represent sensory 資訊 by adapting to the 統計 structure of th…

微生物組的纖維降解特徵及其與宿主飲食的關係

摘要 腸道微生物群與飲食之間的關係一直是近期許多研究的焦點。此類研究旨在表徵飲食對微生物組組成的影響，以及微生物組利用飲食中各種化合物並產生可能對宿主有益的代謝物的能力。膳食纖維 (DF) 是一種多醣，不能被宿主的內源性酵素分解，主要由微生物組成員降解，眾所周知，膳食纖維 (DF) 的消耗會對微生物組產生深遠的影響。然而，仍缺乏針對特定膳食纖維消耗對微生物組組成和功能變化的全面…

摘要 Neurons are connected by complex branching proces

摘要 Neurons are connected by complex branching processes—axons and dendrites—that process 資訊 for organisms to respond to their environment. Classifying neurons according to differences in str…

摘要 認知 science has been traditionally organized aroun

摘要 認知 science has been traditionally organized around the individual as the basic unit of cognition. Despite developments in areas such as communication, human–machine interaction, group beh…

摘要 Predictive states for 隨機 processes are a nonparam

摘要 Predictive states for 隨機 processes are a nonparametric and interpretable construct with relevance across a multitude of modeling paradigms. Recent progress on the self supervised reconstr…

摘要 It has been noticed that the most comprehensive e

摘要 It has been noticed that the most comprehensive etymological dictionary of North Caucasian 語言s (NCED) has repeatedly been disparaged, and even totally ignored, due to alleged deficiencies…

烏魯布倫沉船中的錫表明，小規模商品交換推動了青銅時代晚期歐亞大陸的錫供應

摘要 This paper provides the first comprehensive sourcing analysis of the tin ingots carried by the well known Late Bronze Age shipwreck found off the Turkish coast at Uluburun (ca. 1320 BCE).…

摘要 The DARPA Ground Truth project sought to evaluate

摘要 The DARPA Ground Truth project sought to evaluate 社會 science by constructing four varied simulated 社會 worlds with hidden causality and unleashed teams of scientists to collect data, disco…

摘要 We thank Ruhl and Craig for their letter “Designi

摘要 We thank Ruhl and Craig for their letter “Designing extreme 氣候 change scenarios for anticipatory governance” (1) in response to our manuscript “氣候 Endgame” (2). We agree that extreme 氣候 r…

摘要 Helping behaviour is thought to play a major role

摘要 Helping behaviour is thought to play a major role in the 演化 of group living animals. Yet, it is unclear to what extent human males and human females use the same strategies to secure supp…

單細胞 RNA 定序數據分析揭示了與 SARS-CoV-2 感染高度相關的三相轉錄反應

摘要 使用來自體外研究的公開 scRNA seq 數據對宿主細胞對 SARS CoV 2 感染的反應進行偽時間分析，揭示了一種非線性、三相轉錄反應，並提出了一種全局調節機制。單細胞 RNA 定序 (scRNA seq) 是目前可用於研究數千個細胞對外部擾動的轉錄反應的最強大技術之一。在這裡，我們使用來自人類支氣管上皮細胞以及結腸和迴腸類器官的公開 scRNA seq 數據對 S…

摘要 Several generalizations or extensions of the Bolt

摘要 Several generalizations or extensions of the Boltzmann–Gibbs thermostatistics, based on non standard entropies, have been the focus of considerable research activity in recent years. Amon…

摘要 A suite of generally applicable 統計 methods based

摘要 A suite of generally applicable 統計 methods based on empirical bootstrapping is presented for calculating uncertainty and testing the significance of quantitative differences in temperatur…

分層功能係統開發支援執行功能

摘要 In this perspective, we describe how developmental improvements in youth executive function (EF) are supported by hierarchically organized maturational changes in functional 大腦 systems. W…

幾何挫敗下蜂巢結構的晶體學

摘要 The wax made comb of honeybees is a masterpiece of animal distributed construction. As bees build their nests in preexisting tree cavities, they grow accustomed to dealing with geometric …

摘要 縮放律 approaches in 生態學 assume that traits are the

摘要 縮放律 approaches in 生態學 assume that traits are the main attributes by which organisms influence ecosystem functioning. However, several recent empirical papers have found only weak links be…

摘要 We consider generalizations of 非線性 Schrodinger eq

摘要 We consider generalizations of 非線性 Schrodinger equations, which we call "Karpman equations," that include additional linear higher order derivatives. Singularly perturbed Karpman equation…

摘要 Plants and their insect herbivores have been a do

摘要 Plants and their insect herbivores have been a dominant component of the terrestrial ecological landscape for the past 410 million years and feature intricate 演化ary patterns and co depend…

摘要 Traits have become a crucial part of ecological a

摘要 Traits have become a crucial part of ecological and 演化ary sciences, helping researchers understand the function of an organism's morphology, physiology, growth and life history, with effe…

摘要 In computing, faculty play many critical roles, i

摘要 In computing, faculty play many critical roles, including training the next generation of researchers, advancing scientific research across a diverse array of computing topics, and transl…

摘要 網絡 science has increasingly become central to the

摘要 網絡 science has increasingly become central to the field of 流行病學 and our ability to respond to infectious 疾病 threats. However, many 網絡s derived from modern datasets are not just large, but…

摘要 In tRNA maturation, CCA addition by tRNA nucleoti

摘要 In tRNA maturation, CCA addition by tRNA nucleotidyltransferase is a unique and highly accurate reaction. While the mechanism of nucleotide selection and polymerization is well understood…

手性晶體中長程電流誘導的自旋積累

摘要 手性材料與人手類似，具有可區分的右手和左手對映體，它們對外部刺激的反應可能不同。在這裡，我們首次使用基於密度泛函理論（DFT）+PAOFLOW計算的方法來定量估計所謂的共線Rashba Edelstein效應（REE），該效應產生與電荷電流平行的自旋積累，並且可以在手性晶體中表現為依賴手性的電荷到自旋轉換。重要的是，我們揭示了電流引起的自旋積累本質上受到準持久自旋螺旋的保…

摘要 Currently, many 病毒es are classified based on thei

摘要 Currently, many 病毒es are classified based on their 基因組 organization and nucleotide/amino acid sequence identities of their capsid and replication associated 蛋白質s. Although 生物 traits such …

摘要 We study the one dimensional active Ising模型 in wh

摘要 We study the one dimensional active Ising模型 in which aligning particles undergo 擴散 biased by the signs of their spins. The phase diagram obtained varying the density of particles, their h…

摘要 Systems of oscillators often converge to a state

摘要 Systems of oscillators often converge to a state of synchrony when sufficiently interconnected. Twenty years ago, the 數學 analysis of models of coupled oscillators revealed the possibility…

摘要 開源軟體 (OSS) 廣泛應用於工業、研究和政府領域

摘要 開源軟體 (OSS) 廣泛應用於工業、研究和政府領域。 OSS 代表了一種有效的開發模型，因為它以可擴展的方式利用了許多開發人員的分散工作。當 OSS 開發人員在相互依賴的模組上獨立工作時，他們以生態系統的形式創建了一個更大的有凝聚力的整體，留下了他們的貢獻和協作的痕跡。從這些痕跡中收集的數據使大規模去中心化協作工作的研究成為可能。我們提供有關 Rust 生態系統中數萬名…

Aflow plus plus：用於自主材料設計的 C plus plus 框架

摘要 The realization of novel technological opportunities given by 計算 and autonomous materials design requires efficient and effective frameworks. For more than two decades, aflow++ (Automatic…

勞動力優勢推動菁英大學教師生產力的提高

摘要 著名機構的教師主導科學話語，在所有研究出版物中所發表的份額不成比例。環境聲望可能會導致這種認知差異，但它導致教師生產力提高的機制仍然未知。在這裡，我們結合了美國大學系統 262 個博士授予機構的 78,802 名終身教授的就業、出版和聯邦調查數據，透過多種證據表明，在更有聲望的機構中，受資助的研究生和博士後勞動力的可用性更大，推動了聲譽對生產力的環境影響。特別是，更大的環…

摘要 Massive 生物 databases of 物種 occurrences, or georef

摘要 Massive 生物 databases of 物種 occurrences, or georeferenced locations where a 物種 has been observed, are essential inputs for modeling present and future 物種 distributions. Location accuracy i…

摘要 In this work, we consider the 非線性 Schrödinger equ

摘要 In this work, we consider the 非線性 Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in 2+1 dimensions with arbitrary 非線性ity exponent κ in the presence of an external confining potential. Exact solutions to the…

摘要 網絡 control theory is increasingly used to profile

摘要 網絡 control theory is increasingly used to profile the 大腦’s energy landscape via simulations of 神經 dynamics. This approach estimates the control energy required to simulate the activation …

摘要 Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of

摘要 Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of 資訊 flow with a multi century perspective could illuminate the 永續 of human resource use strategies. This paper uses historical and archaeol…

摘要 Optimization and expansion are two modes of stage

摘要 Optimization and expansion are two modes of staged 演化 of 複雜系統s where macroscopic observables change at a decreasing, respectively increasing, rate. The number of microscopic variables and…

摘要 The collective dynamics of chaotic oscillators ha

摘要 The collective dynamics of chaotic oscillators has drawn considerable attention in numerous fields, including agriculture and 森林ry. The alternate bearing of tree crops is a phenomenon in …

摘要 We thank Bhowmik et al. for their letter, “From 氣

摘要 We thank Bhowmik et al. for their letter, “From 氣候 Endgame to 氣候 Long Game” (1), in response to our manuscript “氣候 Endgame: Exploring catas營養級 氣候 change scenarios” (2). We agree that extr…

摘要 Assessments of the 氣候 impacts of energy technolog

摘要 Assessments of the 氣候 impacts of energy technologies and other emissions sources can depend strongly on the equivalency metric used to compare short and long lived greenhouse gas emission…

摘要 In this review article we discuss connections bet

摘要 In this review article we discuss connections between the physics of disordered systems, 相變s in inference problems, and 計算 hardness. We introduce two models representing the behavior of g…

摘要 Unexpected 族群 crashes are an important feature of

摘要 Unexpected 族群 crashes are an important feature of natural systems, yet many observed crashes have not been explained. Two difficulties in explaining 族群 crashes are their relative rarity a…

摘要 我們回顧了有關生物醫學創新融資的最新文獻，特別關注藥物開發過程以及如何加強它以改善結果

摘要 我們回顧了有關生物醫學創新融資的最新文獻，特別關注藥物開發過程以及如何加強它以改善結果。我們首先列出有關藥物開發過程的結構及其相關成本和風險的典型事實，並且我們提供的證據表明，隨著時間的推移，挽救生命的治療方法的發現率有所下降，而成本卻有所增加。我們認為，這些結構特徵要求藥物開發（即生物製藥）公司依賴​​外部融資，同時放大市場摩擦，可能阻礙這些公司獲得融資的能力，特別是對…

摘要 Systems of 非線性 chemical oscillators can exhibit a

摘要 Systems of 非線性 chemical oscillators can exhibit a large 多樣性 of non trivial states depending on the parameters that characterize them. Among these, a 同步化 phenomenon is of special interest …

摘要 Although the coat 蛋白質 (CP) has a relevant role in

摘要 Although the coat 蛋白質 (CP) has a relevant role in the long distance movement of alfalfa mosaic 病毒 (AMV) and brome mosaic 病毒 (BMV), its precise function is not fully understood. Previous r…

馴化研究進展：解釋擴展的經驗觀察

摘要 Abbo and Gopher contend that we offer nothing new to the study of domestication in three recent papers (Bogaard et al., 2021; Allaby et al., 2021, Allaby et al., 2022b). They claim that w…

摘要 The study of 網絡 formation is pervasive in 經濟s, so

摘要 The study of 網絡 formation is pervasive in 經濟s, sociology, and many other fields. In this article, we model 網絡 formation as a 'choice' that is made by nodes of a 網絡 to connect to other nod…

摘要 Reservoir computing is a 機器學習 paradigm that uses

摘要 Reservoir computing is a 機器學習 paradigm that uses a high dimensional dynamical system, or reservoir, to approximate and predict time series data. The scale, speed, and power usage of reser…

摘要 Objective: Provide US FDA and amyo營養級 lateral scl

摘要 Objective: Provide US FDA and amyo營養級 lateral sclerosis (ALS) society with a systematic, transparent, and quantitative framework to evaluate the efficacy of the ALS therapeutic candidate …

具有非局部相關性的機率模型：q-大偏差理論的數值證據

摘要 The correlated probabilistic model introduced and analytically discussed in Hanel et al. (2009) is based on a self dual transformation of the index q which characterizes a current general…

摘要 Centrality, in some sense, captures the extent to

摘要 Centrality, in some sense, captures the extent to which a vertex controls the flow of 資訊 in a 網絡. Here, we propose Local Detour Centrality as a novel centrality based betweenness measure …

摘要 We investigate spontaneous critical dynamics of e

摘要 We investigate spontaneous critical dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory (EI) sparsely connected 族群s of spiking leaky integrate and fire neurons with conductance based synapses. We use a…

摘要 社會 science approaches to missing values predict a

摘要 社會 science approaches to missing values predict avoided, unrequested, or lost 資訊 from dense data sets, typically surveys. The authors propose a matrix factorization approach to missing da…

摘要 How do 物種 coexist? A framework known as modern co

摘要 How do 物種 coexist? A framework known as modern coexistence theory can 'measure coexistence' by partitioning invasion growth rates into coexistence mechanisms, terms which correspond to cl…

摘要 We know much about pathogen 演化 and the 湧現 of new

摘要 We know much about pathogen 演化 and the 湧現 of new 疾病 strains, but less about host resistance and how it is signaled to other individuals and subsequently maintained. The clinein frequency …

摘要 Nowcasting is a term originating from 經濟s, financ

摘要 Nowcasting is a term originating from 經濟s, finance, and meteorology. It refers to the process of determining the uncertain state of the economy, markets or the weather at the current time…

摘要 To survive during colony reproduction, bees creat

摘要 To survive during colony reproduction, bees create dense clusters of thousands of suspended individuals. How does this 群集, which is orders of magnitude larger than the size of an individu…

摘要 Integrative analysis of microbiome and metabolome

摘要 Integrative analysis of microbiome and metabolome data obtained from human fecal samples is a promising avenue for better understanding the interplay between 細菌 and metabolites in the hum…

摘要 Chaperones facilitate the folding of other (“clie

摘要 Chaperones facilitate the folding of other (“client”) 蛋白質s and can thus affect the adaptive 演化 of these clients. Specifically, chaperones affect the phenotype of 蛋白質s via two opposing mec…

摘要 The spectrophotometer has been used for decades t

摘要 The spectrophotometer has been used for decades to measure the density of 細菌l 族群s as the turbidity expressed as optical density OD. However, the OD alone is an unreliable metric and is on…

摘要 This year, the Conference of Parties to the Conve

摘要 This year, the Conference of Parties to the Convention on 生物 多樣性 will meet to finalize a post 2020 framework for 生物多樣性 conservation, necessitating critical analysis of current barriers to…

摘要 Dynamics of an interconnected 族群 of excitatory an

摘要 Dynamics of an interconnected 族群 of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons wandering around a Bogdanov Takens (BT) 分岔 point can generate the observed 無標度 avalanches at the 族群 level and…

摘要 We thank Burgess et al. (1) for their contributio

摘要 We thank Burgess et al. (1) for their contribution, “Catas營養級 氣候 risks should be neither understated or overstated,” in response to “氣候 Endgame” (2). We agree that studying catas營養級 氣候 sc…

摘要 We appreciate Dr. Kelman’s contribution “Connecti

摘要 We appreciate Dr. Kelman’s contribution “Connecting Disciplines and Decades”’ (1) in response to “氣候 Endgame”’ (2). We naturally agree with Dr. Kelman that exploring catas營養級 氣候 scenarios…

隨著時間的推移，大流行初期階段對行為措施的依從性如何發展：一項縱向 COVD-19 研究

摘要 In this longitudinal research, we adopt a complexity approach to examine the temporal dynamics of variables related to compliance with behavioural measures during the COVID 19 pandemic. D…

一類阿貝爾群冪圖中的哈密頓性

摘要 半群 S 的無向冪圖 G(S) 是具有頂點集 S 的無向圖，其中兩個頂點 u、v 是 S 的元素，當且僅當存在正整數 In 使得 u(m) = v 或 v(m) = u 時相鄰。在這裡，我們研究一類阿貝爾群的冪圖，並在這種情況下回答冪圖是否是哈密頓量的問題。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

摘要 Recent experiments show that adaptive Darwinian 演

摘要 Recent experiments show that adaptive Darwinian 演化 in one environment can lead to the 湧現 of multiple new traits that provide no immediate benefit in this environment. Such latent non adap…

摘要 Innovation or the creation and 擴散 of new material

摘要 Innovation or the creation and 擴散 of new material, 社會 and 文化 things in society has been widely studied in sociology and across the 社會 sciences, with investigations sufficiently diverse an…

重新檢視「熱手」悖論

摘要 我們使用向後柯爾莫哥洛夫方程式方法來理解明顯矛盾的特徵，即在重複公平的硬幣翻轉中遇到不同的固定長度的正面和反面序列的平均等待時間可能不同。對於長度為2的序列，直到序列HH（頭 頭）出現的平均時間等於6，而序列HT（頭 尾）的等待時間等於4。我們給出了長度為3、4和5的序列的等待時間的完整結果；擴展到更長的序列很簡單（儘管更乏味）。我們也推導了矩生成函數，從中可以找到特定序…

摘要 Human behavior is embedded in 社會 網絡s. Certain cha

摘要 Human behavior is embedded in 社會 網絡s. Certain characteristics of the positions that people occupy within these 網絡s appear to be stable within individuals. Such traits likely stem in part …

摘要 The set of visited sites and the number of visite

摘要 The set of visited sites and the number of visited sites are two basic properties of the random walk trajectory. We consider two independent random walks on hyper cubic lattices and study…

摘要 Prior research into the relationship between atti

摘要 Prior research into the relationship between attitudes and 疫苗接種 intention is predominantly cross sectional and therefore does not provide insight into directions of relations. During the …

電線上的鳥

摘要 We investigate the occupancy statistics of birds on a wire. Birds land one by one on a wire and rest where they land. Whenever a newly arriving bird lands within a fixed distance of alrea…

摘要 A wide variety of 文化 practices have a 'tacit' dim

摘要 A wide variety of 文化 practices have a 'tacit' dimension, whose principles are neither obvious to an observer, nor known explicitly by experts. This poses a problem for 文化 演化: if beginners…

當代物理學中的引用不平等與性別引用實踐

摘要 物理學領域女性作者被引用不足的情況進行了量化，並提出了可以克服這種不平等的措施。婦女對科學學術貢獻的低估是眾所周知的，並且得到了充分的研究。衡量這種歸因不足的一個指標是男性和女性之間的引用差距：相對於預期引用率，女性撰寫的論文被引用不足，而相對於預期引用率，男性撰寫的論文被引用過多。在這裡，我們探討當代物理學中的這一引用差距。我們發現了一種全球性偏見，其中女性撰寫的論文被…

摘要 Motivation: Microbiome functional data are freque

摘要 Motivation: Microbiome functional data are frequently analyzed to identify associations between microbial functions (e.g. genes) and sample groups of interest. However, it is challenging …

摘要 Provider 網絡 structure has been linked to hospital

摘要 Provider 網絡 structure has been linked to hospital cost, utilization, and to a lesser degree quality, outcomes; however, it remains unknown whether these relationships are heterogeneous ac…

一維冷氣體中的飛濺

摘要 我們考慮一組硬點粒子，它們以指定的密度均勻分佈在正半線上，並且全部最初處於靜止狀態。粒子質量在 m 和 M 兩個值之間交替。粒子透過碰撞相互作用，從而守恆能量和動量。我們研究當最左邊的粒子被賦予正速度時所產生的級聯活動。長期以來，我們發現這導致了所觀察到的動力學中兩個令人著迷的特徵。首先，在大部分氣體中，形成激波前沿，將冷氣體與熱化區域分開。激波前緣以亞彈道方式傳播，大部…

摘要 Only a subset of degrees of freedom are typically

摘要 Only a subset of degrees of freedom are typically accessible or measurable in real world systems. As a consequence, the proper setting for empirical modeling is that of partially observed…

摘要 While gender disparities in the science, technolo

摘要 While gender disparities in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines are widely noted, the citation gap is still understudied and awareness remains low. He…

摘要 Here we present a global time series of global 森林

摘要 Here we present a global time series of global 森林 above ground biomass from 2000 to 2019, analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of carbon balance, accounting for losses and gains. We generate…

笑的傾向是一種穩定的特徵：從循環對話研究中發現

摘要 人們在談話時常常會笑。誰對笑聲負有更多責任，笑的人還是引起笑聲的伴侶？我們採用循環設計，參與者 (N = 66) 與 10 位同性陌生人進行 10 次不同的對話，併計算每次對話中每個人的笑聲。每次談話結束後，參與者都會評估他們與伴侶的相似度以及他們對談話的享受程度。一個人笑的次數的變化有一半以上是由笑的人造成的——有些人往往比其他人笑得更多。相較之下，只有不到 5% 的變…

摘要 Mitochondrial 基因組s of apicomplexans, dinoflagella

摘要 Mitochondrial 基因組s of apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, and chrompodellids that collectively make up the Myzozoa, encode only three 蛋白質s (Cytochrome b [COB], Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 …

自然重新加權的喚醒睡眠

摘要 Helmholtz Machines (HMs) are a class of generative models composed of two Sigmoid Belief 網絡s (SBNs), acting respectively as an encoder and a decoder. These models are commonly trained usi…

摘要 We develop a model of 社會 interactions, as well as

摘要 We develop a model of 社會 interactions, as well as strategic interactions that depend on such 社會 activity, and use it to measure 社會 complementarities in the legislative process. Our model …

廢水病原體監測可以為公共衛生應對措施提供資訊

摘要 廢水監測已用於識別 SARS CoV 2 爆發並追蹤新變種。應擴大此哨兵系統以監測其他病原體並加強公共衛生準備。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

摘要 More than two years after the declaration of the

摘要 More than two years after the declaration of the COVID 19 pandemic, we are still experiencing contagious waves. As this is a long lasting process, it becomes relevant to have a predictive…

基於經驗的技術預測與能源轉型

摘要 Rapidly decarbonizing the global energy system is critical for addressing 氣候 change, but concerns about costs have been a barrier to implementation. Most energy economy models have histor…

摘要 We propose defining a field of research called 'a

摘要 We propose defining a field of research called 'archaeo生態學' that examines the past similar to 60 000 years of interactions between humans and ecosystems to better understand the human pla…

摘要 Text as Data represents a major advance for teach

摘要 Text as Data represents a major advance for teaching text analysis in the 社會 sciences, digital humanities and data science by providing an integrated framework for how to conceptualize an…

摘要 Chemical micro heterogeneity is an attribute of a

摘要 Chemical micro heterogeneity is an attribute of all living systems and most of the soft and crystalline materials. Its characterization requires a plethora of techniques. This work propos…

超導線節點金屬CaSb2的準二維費米麵

摘要 We report on the Fermi surfaces and superconducting parameters of CaSb2 single crystals (superconducting below T c similar to 1.8 K) grown by the self flux method. The frequency of de Haa…

摘要 Given its subject matter, 生物 psychiatry is unique

摘要 Given its subject matter, 生物 psychiatry is uniquely poised to lead STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) DEI (多樣性, equity, and inclusion) initiatives related to disabil…

摘要 To advance understanding of 生物多樣性 and ecosystem f

摘要 To advance understanding of 生物多樣性 and ecosystem function, ecologists seek widely applicable relationships among 物種 多樣性 and other ecosystem characteristics such as 物種 productivity, biomass…

摘要 Balancing 社會 utility and equity in distributing l

摘要 Balancing 社會 utility and equity in distributing limited vaccines is a critical policy concern for protecting against the prolonged COVID 19 pandemic and future health emergencies. What is…

摘要 With the increase in massive digitized datasets o

摘要 With the increase in massive digitized datasets of 文化 artefacts, 社會 and 文化 scientists have an unprecedented opportunity for the discovery and expansion of 文化 theory. The WikiArt dataset i…

摘要 is essential in several fields. The straightforwa

摘要 is essential in several fields. The straightforward approach consists of calculating all the eigenvalues in O(n3) (where n is the number of nodes in the 網絡) and then counting the ones tha…

使用持久同源性分析空間和時空異常：COVID-19 資料的案例研究

摘要 We develop a method for analyzing spatial and spatiotemporal anomalies in geospatial data using topological data analysis (TDA). To do this, we use persistent homology (PH), which allows …

摘要 Precisely how humans process relational patterns

摘要 Precisely how humans process relational patterns of 資訊 in knowledge, 語言, music, and society is not well understood. Prior work in the field of 統計 learning has demonstrated that humans pro…

摘要 While inequalities in science are common, most ef

摘要 While inequalities in science are common, most efforts to understand them treat scientists as isolated individuals, ignoring the 網絡 effects of collaboration. Here, we develop models that …

摘要 Skepticism toward childhood vaccines and 遺傳ally m

摘要 Skepticism toward childhood vaccines and 遺傳ally modified food has grown despite scientific evidence of their safety. Beliefs about scientific issues are difficult to change because they a…

摘要 計算 modeling has become a valuable tool for scienc

摘要 計算 modeling has become a valuable tool for science and policy, but community standards to share model details have not kept pace. For research to be replicated, evaluated, and improved, i…

摘要 Human beings are an active component of every ter

摘要 Human beings are an active component of every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Although our local impact on the 演化 of these ecosystems has been undeniable and extensively documented, it re…

美國某城市的 COVID-19 檢測和接觸檢測的有效性

摘要 Although testing, contact tracing, and case isolation programs can mitigate COVID 19 傳播 and allow the relaxation of 社會 distancing measures, few countries worldwide have succeeded in 縮放律 s…

摘要 How often a researcher is cited usually plays a d

摘要 How often a researcher is cited usually plays a decisive role in that person’s career advancement, because academic institutions often use citation metrics, either explicitly or implicitl…

摘要 Prior work has shown that there is substantial in

摘要 Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional 網絡s across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography. However, it re…

摘要 Entropic force cosmology provides, in contrast wi

摘要 Entropic force cosmology provides, in contrast with dark energy descriptions, a concrete physical understanding of the accelerated expansion of the universe. The acceleration appears to b…

摘要 AsymmeTree is a flexible and easy to use Python p

摘要 AsymmeTree is a flexible and easy to use Python package for the simulation of gene family histories. It simulates 物種 trees and considers the joint action of gene duplication, loss, conver…

摘要 Aims 細菌l response to temperature changes can infl

摘要 Aims 細菌l response to temperature changes can influence their pathogenicity to plants and humans. Changes in temperature can affect cellular and physiological responses in 細菌 that can in t…

摘要 The dynamics of 適應, reversion, and compensation h

摘要 The dynamics of 適應, reversion, and compensation have been central topics in microbial 演化, and several studies have attempted to resolve the 族群 遺傳s underlying how these dynamics occur. How…

摘要 Remarkably little is known about the structure, f

摘要 Remarkably little is known about the structure, formation, and dynamics of supply and production 網絡s that form one foundation of society. Neither the 韌性 of these 網絡s is known, nor do we h…

摘要 Low levels of 社會 interaction across class lines h

摘要 Low levels of 社會 interaction across class lines have generated widespread concern(1 4) and are associated with worse outcomes, such as lower rates of upward income mobility(4 7). Here we …

摘要 Prudent risk management requires consideration of

摘要 Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad to worst case scenarios. Yet, for 氣候 change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic 氣候 change result in wo…

摘要 We recently introduced the concept of dynamical s

摘要 We recently introduced the concept of dynamical score 網絡 to represent the harmonic progressions in any composition. Through a process of chord slicing, we obtain a representation of the s…

摘要 城市ization can affect 物種 communication by introduc

摘要 城市ization can affect 物種 communication by introducing new selection pressures, such as noise pollution and different environmental 傳播 properties. These selection pressures can trigger dive…

摘要 Modeling and inference are central to most areas

摘要 Modeling and inference are central to most areas of science and especially to evolving and 複雜系統s. Critically, the 資訊 we have is often uncertain and insufficient, resulting in an underdete…

總統外交遇上科學外交

摘要 在本文中，我們首次將科學外交視為一種可以影響和培育總統外交運作的新型政治工具來分析。我們在 COVID 19 引發的全球危機的背景下進行了這項分析，考慮到獲得疫苗和開發疫苗的技術的困難。我們討論南錐體大流行緊急情況下的俄羅斯與阿根廷關係。該案例提供了一個寶貴的框架，可以提出有效的建議，以納入和協調有關總統外交的科學外交行動。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

1826 年和 1840 年代化學空間的擴展促進了元素週期表的收斂

摘要 The periodic system, which intertwines order and similarity among chemical elements, arose from knowledge about substances constituting the chemical space. Little is known, however, about…

摘要 The model free algorithms of "reinforcement learn

摘要 The model free algorithms of "reinforcement learning" (RL) have gained clout across disciplines, but so too have model based alternatives. The present study emphasizes other dimensions of…

智商調節兒童和青少年精神病理學不同向度之間的耦合

摘要 Objective: Correlations between 認知 ability and psychopathology are well recognized, but prior research has been limited by focusing on in dividuals with intellectual disability, single di…

摘要 氣候 change is gradual, but it can also cause brief

摘要 氣候 change is gradual, but it can also cause brief extreme heat waves that can exceed the upper thermal limit of any one organism. To study the 演化ary potential of upper thermal tolerance, …

摘要 We develop an 智能體 based model of the UK housing m

摘要 We develop an 智能體 based model of the UK housing market to study the impact of macroprudential policy experiments on key housing market indicators. The heterogeneous nature of this model e…

首輪驅動的邊界衰退

摘要 我們研究半無限線上布朗粒子的移動邊界問題，其中邊界移動的距離與粒子和邊界連續碰撞之間的時間成正比。現象學上豐富的動力出現了。特別是，粒子第 n 次首次到達移動邊界的機率漸近地縮放為 t( (1+2 n))。由於該分佈的尾部逐漸變厚，因此連續的第一段之間的典型時間系統地變長。我們也發現，粒子和邊界之間的碰撞次數為 ln l t，而邊界位置的時間依賴性則為 t/ln t。 ※…

摘要 The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is a major hum

摘要 The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is a major human pathogen with a remarkable intracellular survival strategy that includes exiting macrophages through non lytic exocytosis (Vomocytosis)…

刺激需求能否降低成本？第二次世界大戰是一場自然實驗

摘要 第二次世界大戰期間，美國軍工生產以驚人的速度成長，導致單位成本大幅下降。然而，文獻的重點是使用特定產品的小型數據集來闡明這種關係背後的詳細機制。在這裡，我們退後一步，透過觀察前所未有的大量數據，我們發現外生技術進步和增加生產經驗帶來的內生效應都很重要，而且比例大致相似。對軍工產品的需求很大程度上是外生的，產量、累積產量和時間之間的相關性很弱，限制了反向因果關係和多重共線性…

摘要 蛋白質 abundance affects the 演化 of 蛋白質 genotypes, bu

摘要 蛋白質 abundance affects the 演化 of 蛋白質 genotypes, but we do not know how it affects the 演化 of 蛋白質 phenotypes. Here we investigate the role of 蛋白質 abundance in the evolvability of green fluor…

摘要 The Astrobiology Graduate Conference (AbGradCon)

摘要 The Astrobiology Graduate Conference (AbGradCon) is an annual conference both organized for and by early career researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and students as a way to train the next …

摘要 Signal propagation along the structural connectom

摘要 Signal propagation along the structural connectome of the 大腦 induces changes in the patterns of activity. These activity patterns define global 大腦 states and contain 資訊 in accordance with…

摘要 August 1972 saw the publication of Philip Anderso

摘要 August 1972 saw the publication of Philip Anderson’s essay ‘More is different’. In it, he crystallized the idea of 湧現, arguing that “at each level of complexity entirely new properties ap…

摘要 解決這個問題的嘗試已經產生了許多定義明確的相互競爭的理論

摘要 解決這個問題的嘗試已經產生了許多定義明確的相互競爭的理論。在它們之間進行選擇可能對於基礎物理學的進步至關重要。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

摘要 We study the relative importance of two key contr

摘要 We study the relative importance of two key control measures for 流行病學c spreading: endogenous 社會 self distancing and exogenous imposed quarantine. We use the framework of adaptive 網絡s, mom…

摘要 Policing efforts to thwart crime typically rely o

摘要 Policing efforts to thwart crime typically rely on criminal infraction reports, which implicitly manifest a complex relationship between crime, policing and society. As a result, crime pr…

操縱鹼基質量分數可以使用傳統的貝葉斯方法從亞硫酸氫鹽測序比對中進行變異調用

摘要 Background: Calling germline SNP variants from bisulfite converted sequencing data poses a challenge for conventional software, which have no inherent capability to dissociate true polymo…

摘要 Anthropogenic activities are increasingly affecti

摘要 Anthropogenic activities are increasingly affecting ecosystems across the globe. Meanwhile, empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that natural systems can exhibit abrupt collapses in…

摘要 Global warming, habitat loss and overexploitation

摘要 Global warming, habitat loss and overexploitation of limited resources are leading to alarming 生物多樣性 declines. Ecosystems are complex adaptive systems that display multiple alternative st…

超參數系統中自然梯度的不變性

摘要 自然梯度場是一個向量場，存在於配備了傑出黎曼度量的模型上，例如Fisher Rao 度量，並表示模型上目標函數相對於該度量的最陡上升方向。在實踐中，人們試圖透過將普通梯度乘以與度量相關的格拉姆矩陣的逆來獲得參數空間上的相應方向。我們將參數空間上的這個向量稱為自然參數梯度。在本文中，我們研究自然參數梯度的前推何時等於自然梯度。此外，我們研究了自然參數梯度的不變性。這兩個問題…

摘要 Advances in high throughput sequencing methods ha

摘要 Advances in high throughput sequencing methods have boosted the discovery of multistrain viral infections in diverse plant systems. This phenomenon appears to be pervasive for certain vir…

美國高等教育對 COVID-19 的應對措施：宇宙政策影響的證據

摘要 我們利用美國 1,400 多個高等教育機構 (IHE) 的檢測和病例數資料集，分析了 2020 年秋季學期（2020 年 8 月至 12 月）這些 IHE 週邊縣​​的 SARSCoV 2 感染和死亡人數。我們發現，IHE 主要保持在線狀態的縣在 2020 年秋季學期的病例和死亡人數較少；而學期前後，這兩組的 COVID 19 發病率幾乎相同。此外，我們發現，與未報告任何…

合成生物學的生態防火牆

摘要 It has been recently suggested that engineered microbial strains could be used to protect ecosystems from undesirable tipping points and 生物多樣性 loss. A major concern in this context is the…

摘要 A major challenge in working with longitudinal da

摘要 A major challenge in working with longitudinal data when studying some temporal process is the fact that differences in pace and dynamics might overshadow similarities between processes. …

天體生物學中的認識論與異常檢測

摘要 We examine the epistemological foundations of a leading technique in the search for evidence of life on exosolar planets. Specifically, we consider the "transit method" for spectroscopic …

摘要 We consider a particle diffusing inside a wedge w

摘要 We consider a particle diffusing inside a wedge with absorbing boundaries and driven by a radial flow of incompressible fluid generated by a source at the apex. The survival probability d…

轉型為低碳電力：產品組合、靈活性和選擇權價值

摘要 With the increased focus on responding to 氣候 change by accelerating a transition to a low carbon energy system, differing views remain on the combination of energy technologies that will …

摘要 It is assumed that host 遺傳 variability for suscep

摘要 It is assumed that host 遺傳 variability for susceptibility to infection conditions 病毒 演化. Differences in host susceptibility can drive a 病毒 to diversify into strains that track different d…

營養物質的競爭增加了微生物群落組裝過程中的入侵抵抗力

摘要 The assembly of microbial communities through sequential invasions of microbial 物種 is challenging to study experimentally. Here, I used 基因組 scale metabolic models of multiple 物種 to model …

摘要 Safeguarding Earth's tree 多樣性 is a conservation p

摘要 Safeguarding Earth's tree 多樣性 is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for 生物多樣性 and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the f…

摘要 Plant life history variation reflects different o

摘要 Plant life history variation reflects different outcomes of 自然選擇 given the strictures of resource allocation trade offs. However, there is limited theory of selection predicting how leave…

摘要 We develop a framework to determine the complete

摘要 We develop a framework to determine the complete 統計 behavior of a fundamental quantity in the theory of random walks, namely, the probability that n(1), n(2), n(3), ... distinct sites are…

摘要 The authors propose a new conceptual model of cri

摘要 The authors propose a new conceptual model of critical illness that moves away from the current syndrome based framework in favor of more precise 生物 descriptors spurred by mounting transl…

摘要 Background: With multimorbidity becoming the norm

摘要 Background: With multimorbidity becoming the norm rather than the exception, the management of multiple chronic 疾病s is a major challenge facing healthcare systems worldwide. Methods: Usin…

摘要 The field of 網絡 neuroscience has emerged as a nat

摘要 The field of 網絡 neuroscience has emerged as a natural framework for the study of the 大腦 and has been increasingly applied across divergent problems in neuroscience. From a disciplinary pe…

摘要 This paper demonstrates the existence of the Grea

摘要 This paper demonstrates the existence of the Greater West Bomberai family, bringing the Timor Alor Pantar 語言 family of the Lesser Sunda islands into a genealogical unit with the Papuan 語言…

中風後手臂和手部麻痺：我們應該針對頸脊髓嗎？

摘要 儘管對皮質脊髓運動控制和中風病理生理學的理解取得了進展，但目前針對中風後上肢麻痺的復健治療在損傷層面的療效有限。為了解決這個問題，我們提出了新治療方法的概念案例。我們首先總結了目前對中風後手臂和手部運動控制缺陷的理解以及它們與脊髓損傷（SCI）的共同生理機制。然後，我們回顧了脊髓刺激 (SCS) 用於恢復 SCI 後運動能力的研究，這些研究為增強殘餘皮質脊髓功能提供了令人…

摘要 Science and its 演化 are based on complex epistemol

摘要 Science and its 演化 are based on complex epistemological structures. Two of the pillars of such a construction definitively are enthusiasm and skepticism, both being ingredients without wh…

摘要 The generation of different types of defective vi

摘要 The generation of different types of defective viral 基因組s (DVG) is an unavoidable consequence of the error prone replication of RNA 病毒es. In recent years, a particular class of DVGs, thos…

摘要 When two entities cooperate by sharing resources,

摘要 When two entities cooperate by sharing resources, one relinquishes something of value to the other. This apparent 利他主義 is frequently observed in nature. Why? Classical treatments assume c…

摘要 The second law of 熱力學s can be formulated as a res

摘要 The second law of 熱力學s can be formulated as a restriction on the 演化 of the 熵 of any system undergoing 馬可夫ian dynamics. Here I show that this form of the second law is strengthened for mul…

摘要 Disabled people who need help with daily life tas

摘要 Disabled people who need help with daily life tasks, such as dressing or bathing, have frequent close contacts with caregivers. This prevents disabled people and their caregivers from phy…

摘要 Institutions have been described as ‘the humanly

摘要 Institutions have been described as ‘the humanly devised constraints that structure political, 經濟, and 社會 interactions.’ This broad definition of institutions spans 社會 norms, laws, compan…

仿射間隙成本的雙向對齊

摘要 Background: Commonly, sequence and structure elements are assumed to evolve congruently, such that homologous sequence positions correspond to homologous structural features. Assuming con…

摘要 When the 社會 boundaries between groups are breache

摘要 When the 社會 boundaries between groups are breached, the tendency for people to erect and maintain symbolic boundaries intensifies. Drawing on extant perspectives on boundary maintenance, …

摘要 When computers started to become a dominant part

摘要 When computers started to become a dominant part of technology around the 1950s, fundamental questions about reliable designs and robustness were of great relevance. Their development gav…

摘要 Growing cells adopt common basic strategies to ac

摘要 Growing cells adopt common basic strategies to achieve optimal resource allocation under limited resource availability. Our current understanding of such “growth laws” neglects degradatio…

上下看：強而有力的合作只是解決降落傘科學問題的第一步

摘要 Critiques of parachute science argue for closer collaborations among local and international scientists. Here, building on such a collaboration, we highlight further challenges when outsi…

摘要 Cascading failures abound in 複雜系統s and the Bak–Ta

摘要 Cascading failures abound in 複雜系統s and the Bak–Tang–Weisenfeld (BTW) sandpile model provides a theoretical underpinning for their analysis. Yet, it does not account for the possibility of…

科學工作失去永續性

摘要 For decades the number of scientific publications has been rapidly increasing, effectively out dating knowledge at a tremendous rate. Only few scientific milestones remain relevant and co…

摘要 The growth of published science in recent years h

摘要 The growth of published science in recent years has escalated the difficulty that human and algorithmic 智能體s face in reasoning over prior knowledge to select the next experiment. This cha…

P206。功能連結的多元模式與青年期和青年期的邊緣譜系症狀有關

摘要 Symptoms on the borderline personality spectrum (BPS) often begin in childhood and adolescence, yet the underlying developmental neurobiology of these debilitating symptoms remains sparse…

摘要 網絡 control theory provides a framework by which n

摘要 網絡 control theory provides a framework by which neurophysiological dynamics of the 大腦 can be modelled as a function of the structural connectome constructed from 擴散 MRI. Average controlla…

摘要 在他對阿克塞爾羅德等人的評論中

摘要 在他對阿克塞爾羅德等人的評論中。 (1)、德馬爾基 (2) 抱怨我們的兩極化模型遺漏了許多觀點改變的機制，因此該模型不能用來指導公共政策。然而，該模型的目的是在對吸引力和排斥力做出最小假設的情況下，深入了解隨著時間的推移可能發生的情況。 ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

基態穩定性和自旋玻璃相的性質

摘要 We propose an approach toward understanding the spin glass phase at zero and low temperature by studying the stability of a spin glass ground state against perturbations of a single coupl…

摘要 Aim Addressing global environmental challenges re

摘要 Aim Addressing global environmental challenges requires access to 生物多樣性 data across wide spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. Availability of such data has increased exponentially rece…

Cas1 和 Fen1 在古細菌 DNA 修復過程中顯示出相同的功能

摘要 CRISPR Cas constitutes an adaptive prokaryotic defence system against invasive nucleic acids like 病毒es and plasmids. Beyond their role in immunity, CRISPR Cas systems have been shown to c…

摘要 Cactaceae (cacti), a New World plant family, is o

摘要 Cactaceae (cacti), a New World plant family, is one of the most endangered groups of organisms on the planet. Conservation planning is uncertain as it is unclear whether 氣候 and land use c…

摘要 Human activities put ecosystems under increasing

摘要 Human activities put ecosystems under increasing pressure, often resulting in local extinctions. However, it is unclear how local extinctions affect regional processes, such as the distri…

摘要 對美國 COVID 19 大流行軌蹟的短期機率預測已成為科學建模界與公眾和決策者之間明顯且重要的溝

摘要 對美國 COVID 19 大流行軌蹟的短期機率預測已成為科學建模界與公眾和決策者之間明顯且重要的溝通管道。預測模型提供具體、定量和可評估的預測，為醫療人員需求、學校關閉和醫療用品分配等短期決策提供資訊。從 2020 年 4 月開始，美國 COVID 19 預報中心 ( 收集、傳播並綜合了來自 90 多個不同學術、產業和獨立研究小組的數千萬個具體預測。每週結合數十個組別的預…

摘要 數學 proofs are both paradigms of certainty and som

摘要 數學 proofs are both paradigms of certainty and some of the most explicitly justified arguments that we have in the 文化 record. Their very explicitness, however, leads to a paradox, because …

摘要 We numerically study, from first principles, the

摘要 We numerically study, from first principles, the temperature TQSS and duration tQSS of the longstanding initial quasi stationary state of the isolated d dimensional classical inertial α−X…

摘要 Aging research is unparalleled in the breadth of

摘要 Aging research is unparalleled in the breadth of disciplines it encompasses, from 演化ary studies examining the forces that shape aging to molecular studies uncovering the underlying mechan…

摘要 We address the process of discounting in random e

摘要 We address the process of discounting in random environments, which allows valuation of the future in 經濟 terms. We review several approaches to the problem regarding different well establ…

摘要 Interannual variability in the global land carbon

摘要 Interannual variability in the global land carbon sink is strongly related to variations in tropical temperature and rainfall. This association suggests an important role for moisture dri…

摘要 The question whether a partition P and a hierarch

摘要 The question whether a partition P and a hierarchy H or a tree like split system S are compatible naturally arises in a wide range of classification problems. In the setting of 系統發育 trees…

摘要 Landauer's Principle states that the energy cost

摘要 Landauer's Principle states that the energy cost of 資訊 processing must exceed the product of the temperature, Boltzmann's constant, and the change in Shannon 熵 of the 資訊 bearing degrees o…

奧地利加護病房收治的 SARS-Co V-2 感染患者臨床特徵和結果的性別差異

摘要 Importance: A male predominance is reported in hospitalised patients with COVID 19 alongside a higher mortality rate in men compared to women. Objective: To assess if the reported sex bia…

摘要 Plasticity is the extent to which life history pr

摘要 Plasticity is the extent to which life history processes such as growth and reproduction depend on the environment. Plasticity in individual growth varies widely between taxa. Nonetheless…

摘要 The challenge of securing adherence to public hea

摘要 The challenge of securing adherence to public health policies is compounded when an emerging threat and a set of unprecedented remedies are not fully understood among the general public. …

人類習慣與運動技能之間的關係

摘要 How do habit and skill relate to one another? Among many traditions of habit re search, we suggest that 'slip of action' habits are the type most likely to relate to motor skill. Habits a…

摘要 We consider the “partial 資訊 decomposition” (PID)

摘要 We consider the “partial 資訊 decomposition” (PID) problem, which aims to decompose the 資訊 that a set of source random variables provide about a target random variable into separate redunda…

摘要 It is a great pleasure to be part of the celebrat

摘要 It is a great pleasure to be part of the celebration of Nitant Kenkre’s scientific career. In this paper, we review 數學 models for studying 演化ary branching and diversification in biology. …

摘要 Biochemical specificity is critical in enzyme fun

摘要 Biochemical specificity is critical in enzyme function, 演化, and engineering. Here we employ an established kinetic model to dissect the effects of reactant geometry and 擴散 on product form…

摘要 This paper examines a tradition of eu社會 insect re

摘要 This paper examines a tradition of eu社會 insect research stemming from the Austrian zoologist Karl von Frisch. As I show in this paper, one of the most enduring features of the Frischean t…

大膽還是害羞？檢查侵入性和非侵入性麻雀的冒險行為和恐新症

摘要 Bold or shy? Examining the risk taking behavior and neophobia of invasive and non invasive house sparrows. Behavior provides a useful framework for understanding specialization, with anim…

摘要 From enzyme binding to robot grasping, the functi

摘要 From enzyme binding to robot grasping, the function of many mechanical systems depends upon large, coordinated motions of their components. Such motions arise from a 網絡 of physical intera…

摘要 Archaeologists have long emphasized the importanc

摘要 Archaeologists have long emphasized the importance of large scale excavations and multi year or even decades long projects at a single site or site complex. Here, we highlight archaeologi…

摘要 我們引入了智慧覓食者的理想化模型，其中更高的智慧對應於覓食者可以檢測食物的更大空間範圍

摘要 我們引入了智慧覓食者的理想化模型，其中更高的智慧對應於覓食者可以檢測食物的更大空間範圍。當最近的食物比其檢測範圍 R 更遠時，這種覓食者就會隨機擴散，並彈道地向位於其檢測範圍內的最近食物移動。同時，覓食者每一步的代謝能量消耗是其智力的遞增函數。愚蠢的覓食者會隨機徘徊，可能會錯過附近的食物，這很容易挨餓。相反，過於聰明的覓食者在尋找食物的過程中每一步都會產生大量的代謝成本，…

摘要 Flash synchrony within firefly 群集s is an elegant

摘要 Flash synchrony within firefly 群集s is an elegant but elusive manifestation of collective animal behaviour. It has been observed, and sometimes demonstrated, in a few 族群s across the world,…

摘要 An important goal of 城市 生態學 is determining what d

摘要 An important goal of 城市 生態學 is determining what differentiates 城市 tolerant 族群s of birds from their non 城市 ancestors and 城市 intolerant 物種. One key to 城市 success may be reacting appropriate…

摘要 Communities want to determine their own 氣候 change

摘要 Communities want to determine their own 氣候 change 適應 strategies, and scientists and decision makers should listen to them both the equity and efficacy of 氣候 change 適應 depend on it. We out…

摘要 城市 dwelling birds face novel visual cues and soun

摘要 城市 dwelling birds face novel visual cues and soundscapes. To thrive in these challenging environments, individuals must correctly identify and calibrate threats posed by humans and their …

摘要 While Eastern Polynesian archaeologists rarely re

摘要 While Eastern Polynesian archaeologists rarely recover archaeological remains of canoes (va'a), ethnohistoric texts document how such vessels played a central role in the daily lives of c…

摘要 The spread of dengue and other arbo病毒es constitut

摘要 The spread of dengue and other arbo病毒es constitutes an expanding global health threat. The extensive heterogeneity in 族群 distribution and potential complexity of movement in megacities of…

摘要 Individual differences in demographics, personali

摘要 Individual differences in demographics, personality, and other related beliefs are associated with corona病毒 疾病 2019 (COVID 19) threat beliefs. However, the relative contributions of these…

摘要 Habituation is a process in which animals stop re

摘要 Habituation is a process in which animals stop responding to repetitive stimuli, and habituation is altered in autism and other conditions. Here, the authors describe visual habituation 網…

世界上根系最細的植物群落透過激烈的地下資源競爭維持了生物群落邊界

摘要 Recent findings point to plant root traits as potentially important for shaping the boundaries of biomes and for maintaining the plant communities within. We examined two hypotheses: 1) T…

摘要 Online product reviews are ubiquitous and helpful

摘要 Online product reviews are ubiquitous and helpful sources of 資訊 available to consumers for making purchase decisions. Consumers rely on both the quantitative aspects of reviews such as va…

摘要 Collective computation is the process by which gr

摘要 Collective computation is the process by which groups store and share 資訊 to arrive at decisions for 集體行為. How societies engage in effective collective computation depends partly on their …

摘要 In 網絡s of coupled oscillators, it is of interest

摘要 In 網絡s of coupled oscillators, it is of interest to understand how interaction topology affects 同步化. Many studies have gained key insights into this question by studying the classic Kuram…

智能是一個行星規模的過程

摘要 Conventionally, intelligence is seen as a property of individuals. However, it is also known to be a property of collectives. Here, we broaden the idea of intelligence as a collective pro…

摘要 It has previously been demonstrated that native c

摘要 It has previously been demonstrated that native chemical Turing machines can be constructed by exploiting the 非線性 dynamics of the homogeneous oscillating Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Th…

當需求對價格做出反應時評估低碳運輸技術

摘要 The carbon intensity (CI) of travel is commonly used to evaluate transportation technologies. However, when travel demand is sensitive to price, CI alone does not fully capture the emissi…

摘要 The lives lost and 經濟 costs of viral zoonotic pan

摘要 The lives lost and 經濟 costs of viral zoonotic pandemics have steadily increased over the past century. Prominent policymakers have promoted plans that argue the best ways to address futur…

中風後異常運動協同與伸手靈活性受損之間的分離

摘要 大多數中風患者都會出現運動缺陷，通常統稱為偏癱。儘管偏癱是最常見且臨床上可識別的運動異常之一，但其行為組成部分及其相互作用仍然沒有得到充分錶徵。偏癱包括陰性和陽性運動徵象。陰性徵象包括無力和運動控制（靈活性）喪失，而陽性體徵包括痙攣、異常休息姿勢和侵入性運動協同作用（隨意運動期間肌肉協同激活異常）。正面訊號和負面訊號如何相互作用，以及是否有共同的機制來產生它們，人們仍然知…

摘要 在相空間中檢查巨型魷魚軸突傳播動作電位的實驗數據，並將其解析為三個不同的部分：單個鈉和鉀通道的特性

摘要 在相空間中檢查巨型魷魚軸突傳播動作電位的實驗數據，並將其解析為三個不同的部分：單個鈉和鉀通道的特性、鈉通道的變形以及與鈉通道晶格的鐵電極化翻轉有關的兩個狹窄區域。離子電流與電位的關係圖顯示出準線性段，產生與溫度相關的最大電導常數和相關的時間速率。將離子時間速率繪製為玻爾茲曼動力學速率，產生的活化能類似於限速生化代謝反應的 0.6 eV 活化能。開放的鈉和鉀通道的分數以及完…

摘要 During their lifetimes, individuals in 族群s pass t

摘要 During their lifetimes, individuals in 族群s pass through different states, and the notion of an occupancy time describes the amount of time an individual spends in a given set of states. Q…

使用入院和流動數據進行即時流行病監測

摘要 Forecasting the burden of COVID 19 has been impeded by limitations in data, with case reporting biased by testing practices, death counts lagging far behind infections, and hospital censu…

摘要 The remarkable robustness of many 社會 systems has

摘要 The remarkable robustness of many 社會 systems has been associated with a peculiar triangular structure in the underlying 社會 網絡s. Triples of people that have three positive relations (e.g.,…

摘要 Cell free expression (CFE) systems are one of the

摘要 Cell free expression (CFE) systems are one of the main platforms for building synthetic cells. A major drawback is the orthogonality of cell free systems across 物種. To generate a CFE syst…

摘要 DNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism

摘要 DNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism of gene regulation in vertebrates. It is less prevalent in many other metazoan organisms and completely absent in some key model 物種, such …

摘要 This scientific commentary refers to ‘Decomposing

摘要 This scientific commentary refers to ‘Decomposing MRI phenotypic heterogeneity in epilepsy: a step towards personalized classification’ by Lee et al. ( Epilepsy is a common, chronic and d…

摘要 Definition: The concept of 熵 constitutes, togethe

摘要 Definition: The concept of 熵 constitutes, together with energy, a cornerstone of contemporary physics and related areas. It was originally introduced by Clausius in 1865 along abstract li…

摘要 We aim to identify those measures that effectivel

摘要 We aim to identify those measures that effectively control the spread of SARS CoV 2 in Austrian schools. Using cluster tracing data we calibrate an 智能體 based 流行病學ological model and consid…

摘要 On the second day of the 2021 United Nations 氣候 C

摘要 On the second day of the 2021 United Nations 氣候 Change Conference (COP26), 130 nations announced a decision to halt global de森林ation by 2030 (1). This is a welcome move and a political su…

2021 年人工智慧反思

摘要 我們連續第三年對《自然·機器智能》最近幾篇評論和觀點的作者進行了跟踪，了解他們的文章發表後發生的情況：他們所寫的主題是如何發展的，他們是否獲得了新的見解，以及他們對 2022 年人工智能的希望和期望是什麼？ ※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得

摘要 Leigh Van Valen was an American 演化ary biologist w

摘要 Leigh Van Valen was an American 演化ary biologist who made major contributions to 演化ary theory. He is particularly remembered for his groundbreaking paper “A New 演化ary Law” (1973) where he …

摘要 The current perception that 氣候 change is the prin

摘要 The current perception that 氣候 change is the principal threat to 生物多樣性 is at best premature. Although highly relevant, it detracts focus and effort from the primary threats: habitat destr…

摘要 Understanding noise in 網絡s and finding the right

摘要 Understanding noise in 網絡s and finding the right scale to represent a system are important problems in 網絡 biology. Most research focuses on the raw, micro scale 網絡 from data/simulations a…

摘要 Clicking is one of the most robust metaphors for

摘要 Clicking is one of the most robust metaphors for 社會 connection. But how do we know when two people "click"? We asked pairs of friends and strangers to talk with each other and rate their …

利用大數據追蹤人類認知的重大轉變

摘要 Scheffer et al.’s ( 1 ) exciting new work reports an historic rearrangement, occurring in the late 20th century, of the balance between reason and emotion. Its approach is part of a new t…

摘要 The reduced emissions in de森林ation and degradatio

摘要 The reduced emissions in de森林ation and degradation (REDD+) initiative uses payments for ecosystem services as incentives for developing countries to manage and protect their 森林s. REDD+ in…

用於分析真核生物 RNase P 酶 tRNA 加工的合成核糖開關

摘要 Removal of the 5' leader region is an essential step in the maturation of tRNA molecules in all domains of life. This reaction is catalyzed by various RNase P activities, ranging from rib…

摘要 Tropical 森林s are important to the regulation of 氣

摘要 Tropical 森林s are important to the regulation of 氣候 and the maintenance of 生物多樣性 on Earth. However, these ecosystems are threatened by 氣候 change, as temperatures rise and droughts' frequen…

摘要 Motivation: Recent technological developments hav

摘要 Motivation: Recent technological developments have facilitated an expansion of microbiome metabolome studies, in which samples are assayed using both genomic and metabolomic technologies …

摘要 Sex biased dispersal has long been of interest to

摘要 Sex biased dispersal has long been of interest to anthropologists and biologists, as it can structure 族群s and determine patterns of kinship, relatedness and 合作. In most contemporary human…

長英質火山活動是二疊紀末大規模滅絕的驅動因素

摘要 西伯利亞地盾大型火成岩省（STLIP）通常被認為是引發二疊紀末大規模滅絕（EPME）的全球環境變遷的主要驅動因素。在這裡，我們探討了同時代的長英質火山活動對二疊紀末環境變化的貢獻。我們報告了華南地區 EPME 層段銅極端富集的證據。富集與輕銅同位素的增加、富含銅和硫化物的熔體包裹體以及汞濃度高峰有關。 Cu 和 Hg 元素及同位素特徵可能與長英質火山活動產生的富硫蒸氣有關…

摘要 Theories of early 合作 in human society often draw

摘要 Theories of early 合作 in human society often draw from a small sample of ethnographic studies of surviving 族群s of hunter–gatherers, most of which are now sedentary. Borneo hunter–gatherers…

摘要 Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurol

摘要 Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions, traditionally defined as a disorder of recurrent seizures. 認知 and affective dysfunctions are increasingly recognized as…

摘要 There is a growing concern about the effects that

摘要 There is a growing concern about the effects that the relationship between the activity of society in the physical world and in the digital world could have. In this study, we address thi…

摘要 The principle of maximum 熵, developed more than s

摘要 The principle of maximum 熵, developed more than six decades ago, provides a systematic approach to modeling inference, and data analysis grounded in the principles of 資訊 theory, 貝氏 probab…

PAOFLOW 2.0 中的弛豫時間近似值

摘要 不管其成功與否，恆定弛豫時間近似的有效性有限。即使在簡單的情況下，溫度和能量相關效應對於匹配實驗趨勢也很重要。我們介紹了 PAOFLOW 2.0 中玻爾茲曼輸運計算中弛豫時間近似模型的實現，並將其應用於能帶結構建模。此外，透過使用模型參數與實驗電導率數據的自洽擬合，我們提供了一種靈活的工具來高精度地提取散射率。我們使用簡單模型來說明近似值，然後將此方法應用於 GaAs、S…

審前危險性的可反駁推定有多準確？來自新墨西哥州的自然實驗

摘要 在新墨西哥州和許多其他司法管轄區，如果檢察官透過明確且令人信服的證據證明釋放被告會對公眾構成危險，法官可以拘留被告。然而，一些政策制定者認為，某些類別的被告應該有“可反駁的危險性推定”，將舉證責任轉移給辯方。利用新墨西哥州四年內審前釋放的 15,000 多名重罪被告的數據，我們衡量了其中有多少人會根據不同的推定標準被拘留，以及這些被告中實際上構成危險的比例是多少，因為他們…

摘要 It has been noticed that the most comprehensive e

摘要 It has been noticed that the most comprehensive etymological dictionary of North Caucasian 語言s (NCED) has repeatedly been disparaged, and even totally ignored, due to alleged deficiencies…

摘要 Systems neuroscience is facing an ever growing mo

摘要 Systems neuroscience is facing an ever growing mountain of data. Recent advances in 蛋白質 engineering and microscopy have together led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience; using fluorescenc…

摘要 Pietraszewski's representation scheme is parsimon

摘要 Pietraszewski's representation scheme is parsimonious and intuitive. However, internal mental representations may be subject to resource constraints that prefer more unusual systems such …

透過化學替代調節蜥蜴石黏土的電子和磁性

摘要 透過第一原理計算，透過兩種類型的化學取代來研究蜥蜴石黏土 Mg 3(Si2O5)(OH)(4) 的結構、電子和磁性特性。 Mg2+原子和(OH)( )基團分別被鹼金屬/過渡金屬/後過渡金屬/類金屬/非金屬原子和鹵素取代。根據結構、參數、能帶和態密度計算進行了詳細分析。我們的結果和系統的比較研究展示了化學改性後蜥蜴石物理特性的多功能性。上述修改，例如帶隙和磁性特性對於調整礦…

摘要 We study how communication platforms can improve

摘要 We study how communication platforms can improve 社會 learning without censoring or fact checking messages, when they have members who deliberately and/or inadvertently distort 資訊. Message …

摘要 Cell free expression (CFE) systems are one of the

摘要 Cell free expression (CFE) systems are one of the main platforms for building synthetic cells. A major drawback is the orthogonality of cell free systems across 物種. To generate a CFE syst…

透過具有單染色質環分辨率的爆炸滲濾進行多尺度相分離

摘要 he 2 m long human DNA is tightly intertwined into the cell nucleus of the size of 10 lm. The DNA packing is explained by folding of chromatin fiber. This folding leads to the formation of…

日益複雜的銀行的新理論

摘要 Decades before the COVID 19 pandemic demonstrated how rapidly infectious 疾病s could emerge and spread, the world faced the AIDS 流行病學c. Initial efforts to halt the contagion were slow as re…

對於我們無法想像的事物，我們能知道什麼？

摘要 In this essay I will consider a sequence of questions, ending with one about the breadth and depth of the epistemic limitations of our our science and mathematics. I will then suggest a p…

沿著非加性熵的思路：q-素數和 q-zeta 函數

摘要 The rich history of prime numbers includes great names such as Euclid, who first analytically studied the prime numbers and proved that there is an infinite number of them, Euler, who int…

摘要 Phenotypic switching in 癌症 cells has been found t

摘要 Phenotypic switching in 癌症 cells has been found to be present across tumor types. Recent studies on Glioblastoma report a remarkably common architecture of four well defined phenotypes co…

摘要 Technological improvement is the most important c

摘要 Technological improvement is the most important cause of long term 經濟 growth. In standard growth models, technology is treated in the aggregate, but an economy can also be viewed as a 網絡 …

存在強相關性時熵廣泛且偏差大

摘要 The standard Large Deviation Theory (LDT) mirrors the Boltzmann Gibbs (BG) factor which describes the thermal equilibrium of short range Hamiltonian systems, the velocity distribution of …

摘要 During reproductive 群集ing, honeybee clusters of m

摘要 During reproductive 群集ing, honeybee clusters of more than 10,000 individuals that hang from structures in the environment (e.g. tree branches) are exposed to diumal variations in ambient …

規範顱內腦電圖繪製局部癲癇的致癲癇組織

摘要 Planning surgery for patients with medically refractory epilepsy often requires recording seizures using intracranial EEG. Quantitative measures derived from interictal intracranial EEG y…

摘要 Over their first years of life, children learn no

摘要 Over their first years of life, children learn not just the words of their native 語言s, but how to use them to communicate. Because manual annotation of communicative intent does not scale…

幼兒堅持程度的每日波動

摘要 兒童的行為每天都在變化，但導致其變化的因素尚未被充分研究。我們發展了一種新穎的重複測量範式，透過利用兒童每天完成的任務：刷牙來研究兒童的堅持性（N = 81；48% 女性；36 47 個月；80% 白人，14% 多種族，10% 西班牙裔，2% 亞洲人，1% 黑人；2019 年 1 月至 2020 年 195 月的觀察結果。當父母更讚美 (d = .23) 和較少的指導 (…

摘要 The impact of global change on 生物多樣性 is commonly

摘要 The impact of global change on 生物多樣性 is commonly assessed in terms of changes in 物種 distributions, community richness and community composition. Whether and how much associations between …

IncRNA 註釋和分類的共同特徵：一項調查

摘要 Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Their molecular functions range from miRNA sponging to chromatin associated mechanisms, le…

摘要 We present an algorithm to compute the exact prob

摘要 We present an algorithm to compute the exact probability Rn(p) for a site 滲流 cluster to span an n × n square lattice at occupancy p. The algorithm has time and space complexity O(λn) with…

摘要 我們對政治極化動態專題中包含的論文提供評論

摘要 我們對政治極化動態專題中包含的論文提供評論。巴爾達薩裡根據意識形態黨派之爭和情感黨派之爭之間的理論區別來解讀這些論文的貢獻，前者通常植根於社會人口和政治分歧，後者主要由情感依戀和排斥而非意識形態和物質利益推動。她認為，後者可能會導致失控的進程，並威脅當代民主的多元化基礎。佩奇認為，整體中許多不同模型的貢獻可能比各部分的貢獻更大。個別論文確定了兩極化的不同原因以及潛在的解決…

摘要 Aphasia recovery after stroke depends on the cond

摘要 Aphasia recovery after stroke depends on the condition of the remaining, extralesional 大腦 網絡. 網絡 control theory (NCT) provides a unique, quantitative approach to assess the interaction be…

摘要 Do boundedly rational players learn to choose equ

摘要 Do boundedly rational players learn to choose equilibrium strategies as they play a game repeatedly? A large literature in behavioral 賽局理論 has proposed and experimentally tested various l…

摘要 蛋白質 蛋白質 interaction (PPI) 網絡s represent complex i

摘要 蛋白質 蛋白質 interaction (PPI) 網絡s represent complex intra cellular 蛋白質 interactions, and the presence or absence of such interactions can lead to 生物 changes in an organism. Recent 網絡 based ap…

摘要 The history of theoretical 生態學 is replete with in

摘要 The history of theoretical 生態學 is replete with insights earned by studying the long term, equilibrium dynamics that result from processes playing out within 族群s and communities. However, …

摘要 縮放律 regions intervals on a graph where the depend

摘要 縮放律 regions intervals on a graph where the dependent variable depends linearly on the independent variable abound in dynamical systems, notably in calculations of invariants like the corr…

摘要 突變s in DNA sequences that bind transcription fact

摘要 突變s in DNA sequences that bind transcription factors and thus modulate gene expression are a source of adaptive variation in gene expression. To understand how transcription factor bindin…

摘要 Background: The supertree problem, i.e., the task

摘要 Background: The supertree problem, i.e., the task of finding a common refinement of a set of rooted trees is an important topic in 數學 系統發育s. The special case of a common leaf set L is kno…

摘要 How new traits originate in 演化 is a fundamental q

摘要 How new traits originate in 演化 is a fundamental question of 演化ary biology. When such traits arise, they can either be immediately beneficial in their environment of origin, or they may be…

保護需要跨尺度整合知識

摘要 To the Editor — Wyborn and Evansargue that global priority maps for conservation have questionable utility and may crowd out local and more contextual research. While we agree with the au…

摘要 Rapid 細菌l growth depends on the speed at which ri

摘要 Rapid 細菌l growth depends on the speed at which ribosomes can translate mRNA into 蛋白質s. mRNAs that encode successive stretches of proline can cause ribosomes to stall, substantially reduci…

摘要 氣候 change has been associated with a higher incid

摘要 氣候 change has been associated with a higher incidence of combined adverse environmental conditions that can promote a significant decrease in crop productivity. However, knowledge on how …

摘要 Understanding mechanisms of coexistence is a cent

摘要 Understanding mechanisms of coexistence is a central topic in 生態學. 數學 analysis of models of competition between two identical 物種 moving at different rates of symmetric 擴散 in heterogeneous…

摘要 The Covid 19 pandemic is of zoonotic origin, and

摘要 The Covid 19 pandemic is of zoonotic origin, and many other emerging infections of humans have their origin in an animal host 族群. We review the challenges involved in modelling the dynami…

摘要 Living systems break detailed balance at small sc

摘要 Living systems break detailed balance at small scales, consuming energy and producing 熵 in the environment to perform molecular and cellular functions. However, it remains unclear how bro…

兒童產品中香料化學物質圖譜

摘要 Exposure to environmental chemicals during early childhood is a potential health concern. At a tender age, children are exposed to fragrance chemicals used in toys and child care products…

摘要 Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) offers the

摘要 Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) offers the possibility to monitor both host andvpathogens transcriptomes at the cellular level. Here, public scRNA seq datasets from Drosophila mela…

摘要 自切割核酶是具有催化活性的 RNA，可將自身切割成帶有 2',3' 環狀磷酸鹽的 5' 片段和帶有

摘要 自切割核酶是具有催化活性的 RNA，可將自身切割成帶有 2',3' 環狀磷酸鹽的 5' 片段和帶有 5' 羥基的 3' 片段。它們廣泛應用於建構合成 RNA 裝置和基於 RNA 的療法。然而，自裂解核酶的標靶發現仍然是一項重大挑戰。我們開發了一種全轉錄組方法，稱為 cyPhyRNA seq，用於篩選總 RNA 萃取物中的核酶切割片段。此方法利用我們設計的擬南芥 tRNA …

摘要 In a tragedy of the commons, individual competiti

摘要 In a tragedy of the commons, individual competition over a resource can reduce the resource itself, and thus reduce the fitness of the whole group. An extreme example is 演化ary suicide, wh…

摘要 More than a hundred 蛋白質s in yeast reversibly aggr

摘要 More than a hundred 蛋白質s in yeast reversibly aggregate and phase separate in response to various stressors, such as nutrient depletion and heat shock. We know little about the 蛋白質 sequenc…

摘要 We consider the additional 熵 production (EP) incu

摘要 We consider the additional 熵 production (EP) incurred by a fixed 量子 or classical process on some initial state ρ, above the minimum EP incurred by the same process on any initial state. W…

摘要 The planktonic larvae of many coastal 海洋 inverteb

摘要 The planktonic larvae of many coastal 海洋 invertebrates swim vertically during dispersal to exploit variation in current strength and direction, food abundance and mortality rate throughou…

摘要 When the first rice farmers expanded into Southea

摘要 When the first rice farmers expanded into Southeast Asia from the north about 4,000 y ago, they interacted with hunter gatherer communities with an ancestry in the region of at least 50 m…

摘要 With the UN 氣候 Change Conference (COP26) taking p

摘要 With the UN 氣候 Change Conference (COP26) taking place this week, 氣候 change is on everyone’s radar. Unfortunately, the myopic lens of 氣候 change has both diminished and distorted our unders…

摘要 In many real world situations, there are constrai

摘要 In many real world situations, there are constraints on the ways in which a physical system can be manipulated. We investigate the 熵 production (EP) and extractable work involved in bring…

有觸手的盆

摘要 To explore basin geometry in high dimensional dynamical systems, we consider a ring of identical Kuramoto oscillators. Many 吸引子s coexist in this system; each is a twisted periodic orbit c…

摘要 We investigate an averaging process that describe

摘要 We investigate an averaging process that describes how interacting 智能體s approach consensus through binary interactions. In each elementary step, two 智能體s are selected at random and they r…

摘要 生物 systems are diverse, ranging from tightly pack

摘要 生物 systems are diverse, ranging from tightly packed, highly integrated, many body systems like eukaryotic cells to decentralized microbial biofilms, to relatively small primate groups wit…

摘要 Tropical dry 森林s (TDFs) have experienced pronounc

摘要 Tropical dry 森林s (TDFs) have experienced pronounced droughts and increased temperatures for the last century. To assess whether these climatic shifts have influenced dry 森林 vegetation and…

摘要 The origins of innovation in science are typicall

摘要 The origins of innovation in science are typically understood using historical narratives that tend to be focused on small sets of influential authors, an approach that is rigorous but li…

摘要 We have developed the program TwinCons, to detect

摘要 We have developed the program TwinCons, to detect noisy signals of deep ancestry of 蛋白質s or nucleic acids. As input, the program uses a composite alignment containing pre defined groups, …

摘要 To build better theories of cities, companies, an

摘要 To build better theories of cities, companies, and other 社會 institutions such as universities, requires that we understand the tradeoffs and complementarities that exist between their cor…

摘要 One key feature of 蛋白質s that form liquid droplets

摘要 One key feature of 蛋白質s that form liquid droplets by phase separation inside a cell is multivalency the presence of multiple sites that mediate interactions with other 蛋白質s. We know littl…

摘要 The general predictions of 氣候 impacts on 物種 shift

摘要 The general predictions of 氣候 impacts on 物種 shifts (e.g., upward shift) cannot directly inform local 物種 conservation, because local scale studies find divergent patterns instead of a gene…

摘要 Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)

摘要 Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a multisystem disorder associated with multiple congenital anomalies, variable medical features, and neurodevelopmental differences res…

摘要 Generalists and specialists are types of strategi

摘要 Generalists and specialists are types of strategies individuals can employ that can evolve in fluctuating environments depending on the extremity and periodicity of the fluctuation. To ev…

摘要 計算 models may help to reduce research cost by pre

摘要 計算 models may help to reduce research cost by predicting properties of alternative blends. Nowadays, most efforts focus on prediction of a few properties for sets of gasoline samples. How…

摘要 Multiple viral infection is an important issue in

摘要 Multiple viral infection is an important issue in health and agriculture with strong impacts on society and the economy. Several investigations have dealt with the 族群 dynamics of 病毒es wit…

摘要 Feedbacks are an essential feature of resilient s

摘要 Feedbacks are an essential feature of resilient socio 經濟 systems, yet the feedbacks between 生物多樣性, ecosystem services and human wellbeing are not fully accounted for in global policy effo…

摘要 Background Microbiome metabolome studies of the h

摘要 Background Microbiome metabolome studies of the human gut have been gaining popularity in recent years, mostly due to accumulating evidence of the interplay between gut microbes, metaboli…

摘要 Alzheimer's 疾病 (AD) is a progressive neurodegener

摘要 Alzheimer's 疾病 (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with typical neuropathological hallmarks, such as neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, preferentially found at lay…

摘要 生物 allometries, such as the 縮放律 of 代謝 to mass, ar

摘要 生物 allometries, such as the 縮放律 of 代謝 to mass, are hypothesized to result from 自然選擇 to maximize how vascular 網絡s fill space yet minimize internal transport distances and resistance to blo…

用於太陽系中不可知生命探測的行星質譜法

摘要 For the past fifty years of space exploration, mass spectrometry has provided unique chemical and physical insights on the characteristics of other planetary bodies in the Solar System. A…

摘要 自然選擇 is commonly seen not just as an explanation

摘要 自然選擇 is commonly seen not just as an explanation for adaptive 演化, but as the inevitable consequence of "heritable variation in fitness among individuals". Although it remains embedded in …

摘要 Performing a dramatic act of religious devotion,

摘要 Performing a dramatic act of religious devotion, creating an art exhibit, or releasing a new product are all examples of public acts that signal quality and contribute to building a reput…

摘要 Reputation has been shown to provide an informal

摘要 Reputation has been shown to provide an informal solution to the problem of 合作 in human societies. After reviewing models that connect reputations and 合作, we address how reputation result…

摘要 病毒es have established relationships with almost e

摘要 病毒es have established relationships with almost every other living organism on Earth and at all levels of 生物 organization: from other 病毒es up to entire ecosystems. In most cases, they pea…

摘要 1. 族群s that expand their range can undergo rapid

摘要 1. 族群s that expand their range can undergo rapid 演化ary 適應 of life history traits, dispersal behaviour and 適應 to the local environment. Such 適應 may be aided or hindered by sexual reproduct…

透過馬齒列分析了解歐亞大陸東部的早期馬匹運輸

摘要 橫跨歐亞大陸，馬匹運輸改變了古代社會。儘管戰車的證據已有很長時間，但騎馬的起源尚不清楚。在考古樣本中區分戰車和騎馬的技術依賴於通常無法從許多草原環境中恢復的元素。在這裡，作者檢查了蒙古鹿石 Khirigsuur (DSK) 綜合體的馬遺骸，將它們與用於兩種運輸的古代和現代東亞馬進行了比較。 DSK 馬表現出獨特的齒列損傷，這可能是草原戰車造成的，但也可能表明在快速步態下以…

摘要 White matter supports critical 大腦 functions such

摘要 White matter supports critical 大腦 functions such as learning and memory, modulates the distribution of action potentials, and acts as a relay of 神經 communication between different 大腦 regi…

摘要 Archaeologists and demographers increasingly empl

摘要 Archaeologists and demographers increasingly employ aggregations of published radiocarbon (C 14) dates as demographic proxies summarizing changes in human activity in past societies. Pres…

摘要 Motivation: Recent technological developments hav

摘要 Motivation: Recent technological developments have facilitated an expansion of microbiome metabolome studies, in which a set of microbiome samples are assayed using both genomic and metab…

摘要 Background: As of 28 July 2021, 60% of adults in

摘要 Background: As of 28 July 2021, 60% of adults in the United States had been fully vaccinated against COVID 19, and more than 34 million cases had been reported. Given the uncertainty rega…

摘要 During reproductive 群集ing, honeybees form cluster

摘要 During reproductive 群集ing, honeybees form clusters of more than 10,000 bees that hang from structures in the environment (e.g., tree branches) and are exposed to diurnal variations in amb…

摘要 This work focuses on the study of the stability o

摘要 This work focuses on the study of the stability of trapped soliton like solutions of a (1+1) dimensional 非線性 Schr¨odinger equation (NLSE) in a nonlocal, 非線性, self interaction potential of…

摘要 Critical race theorists and standpoint epistemolo

摘要 Critical race theorists and standpoint epistemologists argue that 智能體s who are members of dominant 社會 groups are often in a state of ignorance about the extent of their 社會 dominance, wher…

摘要 Conversation is the platform where minds meet —th

摘要 Conversation is the platform where minds meet —the venue where 資訊 is shared, ideas co created, 文化 norms shaped, and 社會 bonds forged. Its frequency and ease belie its complexity. Every con…

摘要 As pandemics (including the COVID 19 crisis) pose

摘要 As pandemics (including the COVID 19 crisis) pose threats to societies, public health officials, 流行病學ologists, and policymakers need improved tools to assess the impact of 疾病, as well as a…

摘要 The 氣候 emergency, rising 不平等, and pandemic 擴散 hav

摘要 The 氣候 emergency, rising 不平等, and pandemic 擴散 have raised the question: for what purpose is capitalism fit? Implementing new policies and institutions to meet these challenges will requir…

摘要 Humans deftly parse statistics from sequences. So

摘要 Humans deftly parse statistics from sequences. Some theories posit that humans learn these statistics by forming 認知 maps, or underlying representations of the latent space which links ite…

摘要 As many ecosystems worldwide are in peril, effort

摘要 As many ecosystems worldwide are in peril, efforts to manage them sustainably require scientific advice. While numerous researchers around the world use a great variety of models to under…

摘要 物種 of littoral freshwater environments in regions

摘要 物種 of littoral freshwater environments in regions with continental 氣候 experience pronounced seasonal temperature changes. Coping with long cold winters and hot summers requires specific p…

摘要 Microbial communities are hugely diverse, but we

摘要 Microbial communities are hugely diverse, but we do not yet understand how 物種 invasions and extinctions drive and limit their 多樣性. On the one hand, the ecological limits hypothesis posits…

摘要 We investigate a one dimensional, many body syste

摘要 We investigate a one dimensional, many body system consisting of particles interacting via repulsive, short range forces, and moving in an overdamped regime under the effect of a drag for…

編織知識框架

摘要 殖民代表可能是不可靠的敘述者，因為他們的描述往往是對人們對殖民者原籍地相似物質和非物質文化的堅持程度的價值判斷。然而，它們往往是我們僅有的一些敘述，因此我們必須過濾偏見來審視接觸時的原住民生活方式。耶穌會士與阿茲特克人的接觸，凱撒與高盧人的接觸，當然還有殖民地與澳洲原住民的接觸，都是如此。透過適當的謹慎，我們可以使用這些敘述來更好地理解過去，並利用過去作為校準資料集來理解…

摘要 Individuals often signal identity 資訊 to facilitat

摘要 Individuals often signal identity 資訊 to facilitate assortment with partners who are likely to share norms, values, and goals. However, individuals may also be incentivized to encrypt thei…

摘要 When describing complex interconnected systems, o

摘要 When describing complex interconnected systems, one often has to go beyond the standard 網絡 description to account for generalized interactions. Here, we establish a unified framework to s…

最大化還是隨機化？金融決策中機率匹配的實驗研究

摘要 Probability matching, also known as the “matching law” or Herrnstein’s Law, has long puzzled economists and psychologists because of its apparent inconsistency with basic self interest. W…

摘要 A key question concerning collective decisions is

摘要 A key question concerning collective decisions is whether a 社會 system can settle on the best available option when some members learn from others instead of evaluating the options on thei…

目前 miR 組學中的 44 項挑戰

摘要 Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA sequences about 18–24 nucleotide long, which provide the recognition key within RISC for the posttranscriptional regulation of target RNAs. Conside…

摘要 To meet the ambitious objectives of 生物多樣性 and 氣候

摘要 To meet the ambitious objectives of 生物多樣性 and 氣候 conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple target…

摘要 The earthquake cycle of stress accumulation and r

摘要 The earthquake cycle of stress accumulation and release is associated with the elastic rebound hypothesis proposed by H.F. Reid following the M7.9 San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Howeve…

摘要 The design and chemical synthesis of artificial m

摘要 The design and chemical synthesis of artificial material objects which can mimic the functions of living cells is an important ongoing scientific endeavor. A key challenge necessary for f…

摘要 In recent years, 網絡 analysis has been applied to

摘要 In recent years, 網絡 analysis has been applied to identify and analyse patterns of 統計 association in multivariate psychological data. In these approaches, 網絡 nodes represent variables in a…

摘要 Classical BCR ABL negative myeloproliferative neo

摘要 Classical BCR ABL negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) caused mainly by recurrent 突變s in genes encoding JAK2 (JAK2), calretic…

摘要 Background Best match graphs (BMGs) are a class o

摘要 Background Best match graphs (BMGs) are a class of colored digraphs that naturally appear in 數學 系統發育s as a representation of the pairwise most closely related genes among multiple 物種. An …

人類習慣與技能之間的關係

摘要 How do habit and skill relate to one another? We review current frameworks for skills and habits, and suggest a way of relating them through the notion of automaticity. Though various typ…

摘要 細菌 often cooperate by secreting molecules that ca

摘要 細菌 often cooperate by secreting molecules that can be shared as public goods between cells. Because the production of public goods is subject to cheating by mutants that exploit the good …

摘要 Despite substantial standardization, polymerase c

摘要 Despite substantial standardization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments frequently fail. Troubleshooting failed PCRs can be costly in both time and money. Using a crowdsourced da…

摘要 Many complex 網絡s depend upon 生物 entities for thei

摘要 Many complex 網絡s depend upon 生物 entities for their preservation. Such entities, from human cognition to 演化, must first encode and then replicate those 網絡s under marked resource constraint…

摘要 Although it is under studied relative to other 社會

摘要 Although it is under studied relative to other 社會 media platforms, YouTube is arguably the largest and most engaging online media consumption platform in the world. Recently, YouTube's sc…

摘要 城市 縮放律 analysis, the study of how aggregated 城市 f

摘要 城市 縮放律 analysis, the study of how aggregated 城市 features vary with the 族群 of an 城市 area, provides a promising framework for discovering commonalities across cities and uncovering dynamics…

摘要 氣候 change has been associated with a higher incid

摘要 氣候 change has been associated with a higher incidence of combined adverse environmental conditions that can promote a significant decrease in crop productivity. However, knowledge on how …

摘要 We study the conservation of energy, or lack ther

摘要 We study the conservation of energy, or lack thereof, when measurements are performed in 量子 mechanics. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian of a system changes when wave functions col…

摘要 Natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently af

摘要 Natural and anthropogenic disasters frequently affect both the supply and demand sides of an economy. A striking recent example is the Covid 19 pandemic which has created severe disruptio…

摘要 透過第一原理分子動力學研究了 d 維經典慣性 α−XY 模型中出現的準靜止態 (QSS) 的持續時

摘要 透過第一原理分子動力學研究了 d 維經典慣性 α−XY 模型中出現的準靜止態 (QSS) 的持續時間，即 N 個平面旋轉體，其相互作用隨著距離 r ij 衰減為 1/r α ij (α ≥ 0)。對於每個旋轉器的平均能量 U < Uc (Uc = 3/4)，這些 QSS 出現在整個長程交互作用範圍 (0 ≤ α/d ≤ 1) 中，而當 U Uc 時它們不存在。它們的特徵是…

摘要 Fjords are sensitive areas affected by 氣候 change

摘要 Fjords are sensitive areas affected by 氣候 change and can act as a natural laboratory to study microbial ecological processes. The Chilean Patagonian fjords (41 56 degrees S), belonging to…

摘要 Explaining the 湧現 and maintenance of intratumor h

摘要 Explaining the 湧現 and maintenance of intratumor heterogeneity is an important question in 癌症 biology. Tumor cells can generate considerable subclonal 多樣性, which influences tumor growth ra…

摘要 Understanding the causes and consequences of the

摘要 Understanding the causes and consequences of the 湧現 of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona病毒 2 (SARS CoV 2) variants of concern is crucial to pandemic control yet difficult to achiev…

摘要 Complex dynamical fluctuations, from intracellula

摘要 Complex dynamical fluctuations, from intracellular noise, 大腦 dynamics or computer traffic display bursting dynamics consistent with a critical state between order and disorder. Living clo…

摘要 Abstract: Temperature variation through time and

摘要 Abstract: Temperature variation through time and across climatic gradients affects individuals, 族群s, and communities. Yet how the thermal response of 生物 systems is altered by environmenta…

摘要 A fundamental understanding of synchronized behav

摘要 A fundamental understanding of synchronized behavior in multi智能體 systems can be acquired by studying analytically tractable Kuramoto models. However, such models typically diverge from ma…

摘要 Functional connectivity (FC) 網絡s are typically in

摘要 Functional connectivity (FC) 網絡s are typically inferred from resting state fMRI data using the Pearson correlation between BOLD time series from pairs of 大腦 regions. However, alternative …

摘要 Host pathogen interactions impose recurrent selec

摘要 Host pathogen interactions impose recurrent selective pressures that lead to constant 適應 and counter 適應 in both competing 物種. Here, we sought to study this 演化ary arms race and assessed th…

摘要 DNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism

摘要 DNA methylation is a crucial, abundant mechanism of gene regulation in vertebrates. It is less prevalent in many other metazoan organisms and completely absent in some key model 物種, such …

摘要 Neurons are connected by complex branching proces

摘要 Neurons are connected by complex branching processes axons and dendrites that collectively process 資訊 for organisms to respond to their environment. Classifying neurons according to diffe…

摘要 The human 大腦 undergoes a prolonged period of cort

摘要 The human 大腦 undergoes a prolonged period of cortical development that spans multiple decades. During childhood and adolescence, cortical development progresses from lower order, primary …

PTEN 調節脂肪祖細胞生長、分化和複製衰老

摘要 The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) negatively regulates the insulin signaling pathway. Germline PTEN pathogenic variants cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS)…

摘要 Bayes' rule is a fundamental principle that has b

摘要 Bayes' rule is a fundamental principle that has been applied across multiple disciplines. However, few studies have addressed its origin as a 認知 strategy or the underlying basis for gener…

摘要 Translational errors during 蛋白質 synthesis cause p

摘要 Translational errors during 蛋白質 synthesis cause phenotypic 突變s that are several orders of magnitude more frequent than DNA 突變s. Such phenotypic 突變s may affect adaptive 演化 through their in…

摘要 Can evolvability itself be the product of adaptiv

摘要 Can evolvability itself be the product of adaptive 演化? To answer this question is challenging, because any DNA 突變 that alters only evolvability is subject to indirect, "second order" sele…

通往多重人生的多重道路

摘要 We argue for multiple forms of life realized through multiple different historical pathways. From this perspective, there have been multiple origins of life on Earth—life is not a univers…

摘要 社會 influence cannot be identified from purely obs

摘要 社會 influence cannot be identified from purely observational data on 社會 網絡s, because such influence is generically confounded with latent homophily, that is, with a node's 網絡 partners bein…

摘要 Numerous worm and arthropod 物種 form physically co

摘要 Numerous worm and arthropod 物種 form physically connected aggregations in which interactions among individuals give rise to emergent macroscale dynamics and functionalities that enhance co…

摘要 The 大腦 is organized into 網絡s at multiple resoluti

摘要 The 大腦 is organized into 網絡s at multiple resolutions, or scales, yet studies of functional 網絡 development typically focus on a single scale. Here, we derived personalized functional 網絡s a…

摘要 Recent work has combined 認知 neuroscience and cont

摘要 Recent work has combined 認知 neuroscience and control theory to make predictions about 認知 control functions. Here, we test a link between whole 大腦 theories of semantics and the role of the…

摘要 Ecological systems are facing major 多樣性 losses in

摘要 Ecological systems are facing major 多樣性 losses in this century due to Anthropogenic effects. Habitat loss, overexploitation of resources, invasion and pollution are rapidly jeopardising t…

摘要 There is growing interest in how neuromodulators

摘要 There is growing interest in how neuromodulators shape 大腦 網絡s. Recent neuroimaging studies provide evidence that 大腦stem arousal systems, such as the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system …

摘要 Background Testosterone plays an important role i

摘要 Background Testosterone plays an important role in the regulation of glucose 代謝. While earlier studies have shown that it has a protective effect in males, unfavorable effects of testoste…

皮質脊髓束的強度而非網狀脊髓束決定了亞急性中風後的上肢損傷程度和技能習得能力

摘要 背景。慢性中風患者的上肢損傷似乎部分歸因於網狀脊髓束（RST）的上調。在這裡，我們使用基於經顱磁刺激 (TMS) 的代理措施評估了皮質脊髓 (CST) 和 RST 連接對亞急性中風運動障礙和技能習得的影響是否有所不同。方法。 38 名中風倖存者被隨機分配到中風後 3 6 週進行訓練（加上常規護理）或僅進行常規護理。在中風後 3、6 和 12 週，我們使用單脈衝 TMS 測…

摘要 Standard macro經濟 models assume that households ar

摘要 Standard macro經濟 models assume that households are rational in the sense that they are perfect utility maximizers and explain 經濟 dynamics in terms of shocks that drive the economy away fr…

摘要 The severe de森林ation of Brazil’s Atlantic 森林 and

摘要 The severe de森林ation of Brazil’s Atlantic 森林 and the increasing effects of 氣候 change underscore the need to understand how tree 物種 respond to 氣候 and edaphic factors. To identify the most …

摘要 Predictions from 物種 distribution models (SDMs) ar

摘要 Predictions from 物種 distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used in support of environmental decision making to explore potential impacts of 氣候 change on 生物多樣性. However, because future 氣候…

摘要 Several implicit methods to infer horizontal gene

摘要 Several implicit methods to infer horizontal gene transfer (HGT) focus on pairs of genes that have diverged only after the divergence of the two 物種 in which the genes reside. This situati…

摘要 There is a growing recognition that ecological sy

摘要 There is a growing recognition that ecological systems can spend extended periods of time far away from an asymptotic state, and that ecological understanding will therefore require a dee…

摘要 1937 年，一小群證券分析師在一次午餐會上決定，「透過組織正式小組並定期舉行會議，可以使討論的好

摘要 1937 年，一小群證券分析師在一次午餐會上決定，「透過組織正式小組並定期舉行會議，可以使討論的好處倍增」（Tatham 1945，第 3 頁）。紐約證券分析師協會由此成立，最初成員有 20 位分析師。八年後，即 1945 年，《金融分析師雜誌》創刊。如今，CFA 協會擁有約 18 萬名投資專業人士，其中超過 17.5 萬人擁有特許金融分析師資格。 2019年，超過35萬…

摘要 疾病 interaction in multimorbid patients is relevan

摘要 疾病 interaction in multimorbid patients is relevant to treatment and prognosis, yet poorly understood. In the present work, we combine approaches from 網絡 science, 機器學習 and 計算 phenotyping t…

摘要 Despite increased awareness of the lack of gender

摘要 Despite increased awareness of the lack of gender equity in academia and a growing number of initiatives to address issues of 多樣性, change is slow, and inequalities remain. A major source …

摘要 Human 大腦 tissue is a heterogeneous material, cons

摘要 Human 大腦 tissue is a heterogeneous material, consisting of soft outer grey matter tethered internally by stiffer cords of white matter. These white matter tracts conduct electrical impuls…

摘要 The ability to ‘sense’ the 社會 environment and the

摘要 The ability to ‘sense’ the 社會 environment and thereby to understand the thoughts and actions of others allows humans to fit into their 社會 worlds, communicate and cooperate, and learn from…

摘要 病毒es lie in a continuum between generalism and sp

摘要 病毒es lie in a continuum between generalism and specialism depending on their ability to infect more or less hosts. While generalists are able to successfully infect a wide variety of host…

摘要 軟低雷諾數機器人技術有可能對藥物傳遞、感測和診斷等眾多領域產生重大影響

摘要 軟低雷諾數機器人技術有可能對藥物傳遞、感測和診斷等眾多領域產生重大影響。實現這一潛力取決於設計適合其預期功能的軟機器人的能力。在這項工作中，我們確定了不同幾何和對稱參數對在低雷諾數狀態下運作並使用有機燃料的軟自主機器人運動的影響。使用有機燃料為低雷諾數軟機器人提供動力的能力將為它們在生物醫學應用中的潛在應用提供新途徑，就像這裡所做的聚合生物相容性材料的使用一樣。我們引入了…

摘要 社會 and behavioural factors impact the 湧現, spread

摘要 社會 and behavioural factors impact the 湧現, spread and control of human 疾病. This paper reviews current 疾病 modelling methodologies and the challenges and opportunities for integration with d…

真正的真實圖案

摘要 Dennett [1991] 提出了一種新穎的命題態度本體論解釋—真實模式。儘管有它的名字，但這個敘述對現實主義的承諾程度仍不清楚。在本文中，我提出了一種模式實例化的替代標準，該標準評估忠實地將物理系統解釋為實例化特定模式的難度。借鑒簡單性和相似性的正式衡量標準，我認為，對於充分實例化的模式，我們的解釋將可以透過使用短程式來計算。這種方法保留了丹尼特原始方法的靈活性，同時…

阿塔卡馬沙漠第一批園藝師之間的暴力事件（西元前 1000 年 - 西元 600 年）

摘要 The Neolithic or Formative Period in the New World drastically transformed the mode of production in human societies with the domestication of plants and animals. It impacted the way of l…

摘要 We construct an 演化ary model of a 族群 consisting of

摘要 We construct an 演化ary model of a 族群 consisting of two types of interacting individuals that reproduce under random environmental conditions. We show that not only does the 演化arily dominan…

摘要 Standard approaches to the theory of financial ma

摘要 Standard approaches to the theory of financial markets are based on equilibrium and efficiency. Here we develop an alternative based on concepts and methods developed by biologists, in wh…

摘要 One of the longest debates in 經濟s involves the ex

摘要 One of the longest debates in 經濟s involves the existence of a rare Hominid “物種” known as Homo 經濟us, the 經濟 human. H. 經濟us is able to determine the optimal use of its resources to maximize…

人工智慧中的抽象與類比

摘要 Conceptual abstraction and analogy making are key abilities underlying humans' abilities to learn, reason, and robustly adapt their knowledge to new domains. Despite a long history of res…

摘要 Recent advances in neuroscience have enabled the

摘要 Recent advances in neuroscience have enabled the exploration of 大腦 structure at the level of individual synaptic connections. These connectomics datasets continue to grow in size and comp…

摘要 During rollout of corona病毒 疾病 疫苗接種, policymakers

摘要 During rollout of corona病毒 疾病 疫苗接種, policymakers have faced critical trade offs. Using a 數學 model of 傳播, we found that timing of 疫苗接種 rollout would be expected to have a substantially gre…

摘要 集體行為 provides a framework for understanding how t

摘要 集體行為 provides a framework for understanding how the actions and properties of groups emerge from the way individuals generate and share 資訊. In humans, 資訊 flows were initially shaped by 自然…

摘要 Immigration theorists argue that religion in Euro

摘要 Immigration theorists argue that religion in Europe is a source of 社會 cleavage, a “bright boundary” separating Muslim immigrants from non Muslims (Alba 2005; Zolberg and Woon 1999). This …

摘要 城市 health is shaped by a system of factors spanni

摘要 城市 health is shaped by a system of factors spanning multiple levels and scales, and through a complex set of interactions. Building on causal loop diagrams developed via several group mod…

摘要 Community mitigation strategies to combat COVID 1

摘要 Community mitigation strategies to combat COVID 19, ranging from healthy hygiene to shelter in place orders, exact substantial socio經濟 costs. Judicious implementation and relaxation of re…

摘要 Darwinian 演化 preferentially follows 突變al pathways

摘要 Darwinian 演化 preferentially follows 突變al pathways whose individual steps increase fitness. Alternative pathways with 突變al steps that do not increase fitness are less accessible. Here, we …

摘要 In this article we present a new reconstruction o

摘要 In this article we present a new reconstruction of Indo European phylogeny based on 13 110 item basic wordlists for proto語言s of IE subgroups (Proto Germanic, Proto Slavic, etc.) or ancien…

摘要 Cells are the basic units of all living matter wh

摘要 Cells are the basic units of all living matter which harness the flow of energy to drive the processes of life. While the biochemical 網絡s involved in energy transduction are well characte…

摘要 We investigate majority rule dynamics in a 族群 wit

摘要 We investigate majority rule dynamics in a 族群 with two classes of people, each with two opinion states +/ 1, and with tunable interactions between people in different classes. In an updat…

摘要 Understanding the relationship between the 大腦’s s

摘要 Understanding the relationship between the 大腦’s structural anatomy and 神經 activity is essential in identifying the structural therapeutic targets linked to the functional changes seen in …