摘要 The 熱力學al concept of 熵 was introduced by Clausius

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• 類型：已發表論文
• 日期：2009

摘要

The 熱力學al concept of 熵 was introduced by Clausius in 1865 in order to construct the exact differential dS = delta Q/T, where delta Q is the heat transfer and the absolute temperature T its integrating factor. A few years later, in the period 1872-1877, it was shown by Boltzmann that this quantity can be expressed in terms of the probabilities associated with the microscopic configurations of the system. We refer to this fundamental connection as the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) 熵, namely ( in its discrete form) S-BG = -k Sigma(W)(i=1) p(i) ln p(i), where k is the Boltzmann constant, and {p(i)} the probabilities corresponding to the W microscopic configurations (hence Sigma(W)(i=1) p(i) = 1). This entropic form, further discussed by Gibbs, von Neumann and Shannon, and constituting the basis of the

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