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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2011
摘要
The human 族群 and economy have grown exponentially and now have impacts on 氣候, ecosystem processes, and 生物多樣性 far exceeding those of any other 物種. Like all organisms, humans are subject to natural laws and are limited by energy and other resources. In this article, we use a macroecological approach to integrate perspectives of physics, 生態學, and 經濟s with an analysis of extensive global data to show how energy imposes fundamental constraints on 經濟 growth and development. We demonstrate a positive 縮放律 relationship between per capita energy use and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) both across nations and within nations over time. Other indicators of socio經濟 status and ecological impact are correlated with energy use and GDP. We estimate global energy consumption for alternative future sc
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