本頁只刊出中文翻譯與中文說明；英文原文請見下方原文連結。
原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2012-09-24
摘要
Democratic societies are built around the principle of free and fair elections, and that each citizen's vote should count equally. National elections can be regarded as large-scale 社會 experiments, where people are grouped into usually large numbers of electoral districts and vote according to their preferences. The large number of samples implies 統計 consequences for the polling results, which can be used to identify election irregularities. Using a suitable data representation, we find that vote distributions of elections with alleged fraud show a kurtosis substantially exceeding the kurtosis of normal elections, depending on the level of data aggregation. As an example, we show that reported irregularities in recent Russian elections are, indeed, well-explained by systematic ballot stuffi
※ 此為已發表論文，全文需透過期刊付費取得