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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2013
摘要
Hierarchy seems to pervade complexity in both living and artificial systems. Despite its relevance, no general theory that captures all features of hierarchy and its origins has been proposed yet. Here we present a formal approach resulting from the convergence of theoretical morphology and 網絡 theory that allows constructing a 3D morphospace of hierarchies and hence comparing the hierarchical organization of ecological, cellular, technological, and 社會 網絡s. Embedded within large voids in the morphospace of all possible hierarchies, four major groups are identified. Two of them match the expected from random 網絡s with similar connectivity, thus suggesting that nonadaptive factors are at work. Ecological and gene 網絡s define the other two, indicating that their topological order is the result o
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