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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2017-02-10
摘要
Many adaptive systems sit near a tipping or critical point. For systems near a critical point small changes to component behaviour can induce large-scale changes in aggregate structure and function. 臨界性 can be adaptive when the environment is changing, but entails reduced robustness through sensitivity. This tradeoff can be resolved when 臨界性 can be tuned. We address the control of finite measures of 臨界性 using data on fight sizes from an animal society model system (Macaca nemestrina, n = 48). We find that a heterogeneous, 社會ly organized system, like homogeneous, spatial systems (flocks and schools), sits near a critical point; the contributions individuals make to collective phenomena can be quantified; there is heterogeneity in these contributions; and distance from the critical point (DF
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