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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2018-08-27
摘要
The mechanisms underlying cascading failures are often modeled via the paradigm of self-organized 臨界性. Here we introduce a simple 網絡 model where nodes self-organize to be either weakly or strongly protected against failure in a manner that captures the trade-off between degradation and reinforcement of nodes inherent in many 網絡 systems. If strong nodes cannot fail, any failure is contained to a single, isolated cluster of weak nodes and the model produces power-law distributions of failure sizes. We classify the large, rare events that involve the failure of only a single cluster as "black swans." In contrast, if strong nodes fail once a sufficient fraction of their neighbors fail, then failure can cascade across multiple clusters of weak nodes. If over 99.9% of the nodes fail due to this
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