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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2021-08-29
摘要
Individuals often signal identity 資訊 to facilitate assortment with partners who are likely to share norms, values, and goals. However, individuals may also be incentivized to encrypt their identity signals to avoid detection by dissimilar receivers, particularly when such detection is costly. Using 數學 modeling, this idea has previously been formalized into a theory of covert signaling. In this paper, we provide the first empirical test of the theory of covert signaling in the context of political identity signaling surrounding the 2020 U.S. presidential elections. To identify likely covert and overt signals on Twitter, we use novel methods relying on differences in detection between ingroup and outgroup receivers. We strengthen our experimental predictions with a new 數學 model and examine t
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