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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2022-05-23
摘要
When two entities cooperate by sharing resources, one relinquishes something of value to the other. This apparent 利他主義 is frequently observed in nature. Why? Classical treatments assume circumstances where combining resources creates an immediate benefit, e.g. through complementarity or thresholds. Here we ask whether 合作 is predictable without such circumstances. We study a model in which resources self-multiply with fluctuations, a null model of a range of phenomena from viral spread to financial investment. Two fundamental growth rates exist: the ensemble-average growth rate, achieved by the average resources of a large 族群; and the time-average growth rate, achieved by individual resources over a long time. As a consequence of non-遍歷ity, the latter is lower than the former by a term whic
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