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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2023-12-11
摘要
Human societies are 複雜系統s and as such have tipping points. They can rapidly transit from one mode of operation to another and thereby change the way they function as a whole. Such transitions appear as financial or 經濟 crises, rapid swings in collective opinion, political regime shifts, or r演化s. In physics collective transitions are known as 相變s; for example, water exists in states of liquid, ice, and vapor. A few variables determine which state is realized: temperature, pressure, and volume. For 社會 systems it is less clear what determines collective 社會 states. A better understanding of 社會 tipping points would allow us to tackle some of the big challenges more systematically, such as polarization, loss of 社會 cohesion, fragmentation, or the green transition. The physics concept of universali
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