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原文連結
論文資訊
- 類型：已發表論文
- 日期：2025
摘要
Background and objectives: Copper is an essential micronutrient and a widely used antimicrobial, yet its widespread application may accelerate microbial resistance. We investigated how long-term copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) exposure drives 遺傳 and phenotypic changes in Escherichia coli, focusing on survival, resistance mechanisms, and 抗生素 cross-resistance. Methodology: Fifty E. coli 族群s were evolved for 55 days under progressively increasing CuSO4 concentrations. Whole-基因組 sequencing (WGS) identified 遺傳 適應s, while phenotypic changes were assessed using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fitness assays across CuSO4 and 抗生素 gradients. Results: CuSO4 imposed strong selective pressure, with only 16% of 族群s surviving prolonged exposure. Survivors exhibited up to eight-fold increases in Cu
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